Mistríková J, Briestenská K
Acta Virol. 2020;64(2):167-176. doi: 10.4149/av_2020_206.
The aim of this work was to give an overview of murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) (synonyms: murine gammaherpesvirus 68, mouse herpesvirus strain 68), the first model for the study of human and animal oncogenic gammaherpesviruses. Based on our results confirming similarity of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) to another gammaherpesvirus, human oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), we were able to interpret some processes observed in the course of MHV-68 infection in analogy to EBV infection. In particular, that were the processes occurring during MHV-68-induced persistent infection in mice accompanied by tumor formation and leukemia following immunosuppression. Since EBV is a highly species specific virus, infecting humans only, these processes cannot be experimentally examined at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels in natural host. However, they can be investigated in BALB/c mice infected with MHV-68, which is nowadays generally accepted model mainly thanks to experimental results achieved by our research team. The important mouse model MHV-68 is a prototype strain of MuHV-4 species and is classified as a member of the order Herpesvirales, family Herpesviridae, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae and genus Rhadinovirus. During 40 years since its isolation from wild rodents, the virus was distributed into many virological laboratories in Europe (such as England, Slovakia, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Switzerland, Hungary, Russia, Sweden), USA, Canada, China, Korea, Japan and Australia. Global research of this virus, which has become an irreplaceable animal model, has expanded our understanding of the pathogenesis and immunology of human and animal gammaherpesvirus infections as well as the gammaherpesvirus-associated oncogenesis. No less important fact is that MHV-68 provides an excellent model to explore methods for controlling gammaherpesvirus infections through vaccination and chemotherapy. Keywords: MHV-68; EBV; KSHV; immunology; pathogenesis; oncogenesis; genome.
这项工作的目的是概述鼠疱疹病毒4（MuHV-4）（同义词：鼠γ疱疹病毒68、小鼠疱疹病毒株68），这是研究人类和动物致癌性γ疱疹病毒的首个模型。基于我们的结果证实鼠γ疱疹病毒68（MHV-68）与另一种γ疱疹病毒——人类致癌性爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）相似，我们能够类比EBV感染来解释在MHV-68感染过程中观察到的一些过程。特别是，这些过程发生在MHV-68诱导的小鼠持续性感染期间，免疫抑制后伴有肿瘤形成和白血病。由于EBV是一种高度物种特异性病毒，仅感染人类，这些过程无法在天然宿主的分子、细胞和组织水平上进行实验研究。然而，它们可以在感染了MHV-68的BALB/c小鼠中进行研究，这一模型如今已被广泛接受，这主要归功于我们研究团队取得的实验结果。重要的小鼠模型MHV-68是MuHV-4物种的原型株，被归类为疱疹病毒目、疱疹病毒科、γ疱疹病毒亚科和拉定病毒属的成员。自从野生啮齿动物中分离出来的40年里，该病毒已被分发到欧洲的许多病毒学实验室（如英国、斯洛伐克、德国、意大利、葡萄牙、比利时、丹麦、西班牙、瑞士、匈牙利、俄罗斯、瑞典）、美国、加拿大、中国、韩国、日本和澳大利亚。对这种已成为不可替代的动物模型的病毒的全球研究，扩展了我们对人类和动物γ疱疹病毒感染的发病机制和免疫学以及γ疱疹病毒相关肿瘤发生的理解。同样重要的事实是，MHV-68为探索通过疫苗接种和化疗控制γ疱疹病毒感染的方法提供了一个极好模型。关键词：MHV-68；EBV；KSHV；免疫学；发病机制；肿瘤发生；基因组
