School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2020 Sep;280:103480. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103480. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
Anatomically accurate 3D models of 10 healthy nasal cavities are developed from computerized tomography (CT) scan images. Considering anatomical and physiological importance of different parts of the nasal cavity, the surface of each nasal passage is divided to eleven anatomical surfaces. Also the coronal cross sections in the nasal passage are divided to six sub-sections that share the total nasal passage airflow. The details of the flow field, heat transfer and water-vapor transport are numerically investigated for resting and low activity conditions. The mean and standard deviation of the different anatomical and air conditioning parameters such as: surface area, wall shear stress, heat and moisture transfer on different parts of the nasal passage surfaces and volume flow rates through different sections are presented. Results show that the percentages of airflow for inferior, middle and superior meatuses are 11.3 ± 6.4, 36.5 ± 9.5, 1.9 ± 0.81 % respectively and 4.1 ± 2.1 % of air passes through olfactory area. The inhaled air passing from the remaining surface (main passage) is 46.2 ± 10 %. Heat and moisture fluxes are highest in the anterior part of the nasal cavity, turbinates and lower part of the septum respectively. The percentage of the heat transfer from turbinates is 25.7 ± 3.9 % of total nasal heat transfer.
从计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描图像中开发出 10 个健康鼻腔的解剖学精确的 3D 模型。考虑到鼻腔不同部位的解剖学和生理学重要性，将每个鼻腔通道的表面分为 11 个解剖表面。此外，将鼻腔通道中的冠状横截面分为六个子部分，这些子部分共享整个鼻腔通道的气流。对于休息和低活动条件，数值研究了流场、传热和水蒸气传输的细节。给出了不同解剖和空调参数的平均值和标准偏差，例如：不同鼻腔通道表面部分的表面积、壁面剪切应力、热和水分传递，以及不同部分的体积流量。结果表明，下、中、上鼻甲的气流百分比分别为 11.3±6.4%、36.5±9.5%、1.9±0.81%和 4.1±2.1%的空气通过嗅区。从剩余表面（主通道）通过的吸入空气占 46.2±10%。热和水蒸气通量在前鼻腔、鼻甲和鼻中隔下部最高。鼻甲的热传递百分比为总鼻腔热传递的 25.7±3.9%。
