Heide Michael, Haffner Christiane, Murayama Ayako, Kurotaki Yoko, Shinohara Haruka, Okano Hideyuki, Sasaki Erika, Huttner Wieland B
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Science. 2020 Jul 31;369(6503):546-550. doi: 10.1126/science.abb2401. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
The neocortex has expanded during mammalian evolution. Overexpression studies in developing mouse and ferret neocortex have implicated the human-specific gene in neocortical expansion, but the relevance for primate evolution has been unclear. Here, we provide functional evidence that causes expansion of the primate neocortex. expressed in fetal neocortex of the common marmoset under control of the gene's own (human) promoter increased the numbers of basal radial glia progenitors in the marmoset outer subventricular zone, increased the numbers of upper-layer neurons, enlarged the neocortex, and induced its folding. Thus, the human-specific ARHGAP11B drives changes in development in the nonhuman primate marmoset that reflect the changes in evolution that characterize human neocortical development.
新皮质在哺乳动物进化过程中有所扩张。对发育中的小鼠和雪貂新皮质进行的过表达研究表明，人类特有的基因与新皮质扩张有关，但对灵长类动物进化的相关性尚不清楚。在此，我们提供了功能性证据，证明该基因会导致灵长类动物新皮质扩张。在该基因自身（人类）启动子的控制下，在普通狨猴胎儿新皮质中表达，增加了狨猴外侧脑室下区的基底放射状胶质细胞祖细胞数量，增加了上层神经元数量，扩大了新皮质，并诱导其折叠。因此，人类特有的ARHGAP11B驱动了非人类灵长类动物狨猴发育过程中的变化，这些变化反映了人类新皮质发育所特有的进化变化。
