Fitak Robert Rodgers, Mohandesan Elmira, Corander Jukka, Yadamsuren Adiya, Chuluunbat Battsetseg, Abdelhadi Omer, Raziq Abdul, Nagy Peter, Walzer Chris, Faye Bernard, Burger Pamela Anna
Institute of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
Commun Biol. 2020 Jun 19;3(1):316. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-1039-5.
Domestication begins with the selection of animals showing less fear of humans. In most domesticates, selection signals for tameness have been superimposed by intensive breeding for economical or other desirable traits. Old World camels, conversely, have maintained high genetic variation and lack secondary bottlenecks associated with breed development. By re-sequencing multiple genomes from dromedaries, Bactrian camels, and their endangered wild relatives, here we show that positive selection for candidate genes underlying traits collectively referred to as 'domestication syndrome' is consistent with neural crest deficiencies and altered thyroid hormone-based signaling. Comparing our results with other domestic species, we postulate that the core set of domestication genes is considerably smaller than the pan-domestication set - and overlapping genes are likely a result of chance and redundancy. These results, along with the extensive genomic resources provided, are an important contribution to understanding the evolutionary history of camels and the genomic features of their domestication.
驯化始于对那些对人类表现出较少恐惧的动物的选择。在大多数驯化动物中，温顺的选择信号已被为了经济或其他理想性状的密集育种所叠加。相反，旧大陆骆驼保持了高度的遗传变异，并且缺乏与品种发展相关的二次瓶颈。通过对单峰骆驼、双峰骆驼及其濒危野生近缘种的多个基因组进行重测序，我们在此表明，对共同被称为“驯化综合征”的性状的候选基因的正选择与神经嵴缺陷和基于甲状腺激素的信号传导改变是一致的。将我们的结果与其他家养物种进行比较，我们推测驯化基因的核心集比泛驯化集要小得多——重叠基因可能是偶然和冗余的结果。这些结果，连同所提供的丰富基因组资源，对理解骆驼的进化历史及其驯化的基因组特征做出了重要贡献。
