Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Recourses, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 10;12(1):9653. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14376-7.
The Old World camels play an important role as one of the main food sources in large parts of Asia and Africa. Natural selection combined with artificial selection by human has affected parts of the domestic animal genome for adapting them to their habitats and meeting human needs. Here, we used whole genome sequencing data of 34 camels (including 14 dromedaries and 20 Bactrian camels) to identify the genomic signature of selection in the Iranian dromedary (ID) and Bactrian camels (IB). To detect the mentioned regions, we used two methods including population differentiation index (Fst) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) with 50 kb sliding window and 25 kb step size. Based on gene ontology analysis on the candidate genes identified for IB camels, we found GO terms associated with lung development, nervous system development, immune system and behavior. Also, we identified several genes related to body thermoregulation (ZNF516), meat quality (ANK1 and HSPA13), and high-altitude adaptation (OPA1) for IB camels. In the list of detected candidate genes under selection in ID camels, the genes related to energy metabolism (BDH1), reproduction (DLG1, IMMP2L and FRASI), long-term memory (GRIA1), kidney (SLC12A1), lung development (EMILIN2 and FBN1) and immunity (SOCS2, JAK1, NRROS and SENP1) were found. Our findings, along with further studies in this field, will strengthen our knowledge about the effect of selection on the camelid genome under different geographical, climatic and even cultural conditions.
旧大陆骆驼作为亚洲和非洲大部分地区的主要食物来源之一，发挥着重要作用。自然选择与人类的人工选择相结合，影响了部分家畜基因组，使它们能够适应栖息地并满足人类的需求。在这里，我们使用了 34 头骆驼（包括 14 头单峰驼和 20 头双峰驼）的全基因组测序数据，来鉴定伊朗单峰驼（ID）和双峰驼（IB）的选择基因组特征。为了检测到上述区域，我们使用了两种方法，包括种群分化指数（Fst）和跨种群扩展单倍型同质性（XP-EHH），窗口大小为 50 kb，步长为 25 kb。基于对鉴定出的 IB 骆驼候选基因的基因本体论分析，我们发现了与肺发育、神经系统发育、免疫系统和行为相关的 GO 术语。此外，我们还鉴定了一些与 IB 骆驼的身体体温调节（ZNF516）、肉质（ANK1 和 HSPA13）和高空适应（OPA1）相关的基因。在鉴定出的 ID 骆驼选择候选基因列表中，与能量代谢（BDH1）、生殖（DLG1、IMMP2L 和 FRASI）、长期记忆（GRIA1）、肾脏（SLC12A1）、肺发育（EMILIN2 和 FBN1）和免疫（SOCS2、JAK1、NRROS 和 SENP1）相关的基因也被发现。我们的研究结果，以及该领域的进一步研究，将加强我们对不同地理、气候甚至文化条件下选择对骆驼基因组影响的认识。
