Section of Rheumatology, 72 East Concord Str, Evans 501, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2020 Jun 19;22(8):36. doi: 10.1007/s11926-020-00914-7.
For 30 years, ultrasound has been investigated as a means to evaluate salivary gland abnormalities in patients with autoimmune disease. We aim to review the test characteristics of ultrasound for diagnosing Sjögren's syndrome, the scoring systems used for this purpose, and the ultrasound similarities and differences between Sjögren's syndrome and some of its potential salivary gland mimics.
Hypo/anechoic glandular lesions are the major ultrasound characteristic found in Sjögren's syndrome. Most studies have reported such ultrasound abnormalities to have a sensitivity and specificity in the range of 65-85% and 85-95%, respectively, as well as a positive likelihood ratio between 4 and 12. However, similar findings can also be seen in sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, IgG4-related disease, HIV, and lymphoma. A "nodal" pattern of involvement or the ultrasound artifact of "through transmission" can help distinguish some of these mimics from Sjogren's syndrome. Ultrasound can substantially influence the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome.
30 年来，人们一直在研究超声作为评估自身免疫性疾病患者唾液腺异常的一种手段。我们旨在回顾超声诊断干燥综合征的检测特征、为此目的而使用的评分系统，以及干燥综合征与一些潜在唾液腺类似物之间的超声相似性和差异性。
低回声/无回声腺病变是干燥综合征的主要超声特征。大多数研究报告称，这种超声异常的敏感性和特异性分别在 65-85%和 85-95%之间，阳性似然比在 4 到 12 之间。然而，结节病、淀粉样变性、IgG4 相关疾病、HIV 和淋巴瘤也可能出现类似的发现。“结节样”累及模式或“透射”的超声伪影有助于将其中一些类似物与干燥综合征区分开来。超声可以极大地影响干燥综合征的诊断。
