Antontseva Elena, Bondar Natalia, Reshetnikov Vasiliy, Merkulova Tatiana
Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentiev Ave, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentiev Ave, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
Neuroscience. 2020 Aug 10;441:226-238. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.013. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
The myelination of axons, which is performed in brain tissues by specialized glial cells (oligodendrocytes) is crucial for correct formation of the complicated neural circuitry necessary for normal cognition, sensation, and motor function. Myelin-related anomalies are seen in many neurodegenerative diseases and in psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Chronic stress involving chronic stress early in life is believed to be a major etiological factor of neuropsychiatric disorders. Although molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying stress-induced psychopathologies are actively investigated, there is still little data about the role that is played in the development of these pathologies by myelin and oligodendrocyte impairments caused by chronic stress. In this article, after brief review of published data on myelin abnormalities in stress-related psychiatric disorders, we focus on recent cellular and molecular discoveries in various rodent models including models of chronic unpredictable stress, social isolation stress, chronic social defeat stress, and chronic immobilization stress. We also attempt to compile and analyze currently scarce data on myelin-related impairments resulting from early postnatal stress.
轴突的髓鞘形成由专门的神经胶质细胞（少突胶质细胞）在脑组织中完成，对于正常认知、感觉和运动功能所需的复杂神经回路的正确形成至关重要。在许多神经退行性疾病和精神疾病中都可见到与髓鞘相关的异常，包括重度抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍。涉及生命早期慢性应激的慢性应激被认为是神经精神疾病的主要病因。尽管人们积极研究应激诱导的精神病理学的分子和细胞机制，但关于慢性应激导致的髓鞘和少突胶质细胞损伤在这些病理学发展中所起的作用，仍然几乎没有数据。在本文中，在简要回顾已发表的关于应激相关精神疾病中髓鞘异常的数据后，我们重点关注各种啮齿动物模型中最近的细胞和分子发现，包括慢性不可预测应激模型、社会隔离应激模型、慢性社会挫败应激模型和慢性束缚应激模型。我们还试图汇编和分析目前关于出生后早期应激导致的与髓鞘相关损伤的稀缺数据。
