Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Feb 6;51(1):278. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09224-y.
Stress is one of the prevalent factors influencing cognition. Several studies examined the effect of mild or chronic stress on cognition. However, most of these studies are limited to a few behavioral tests or the expression of selected RNA/proteins markers in a selected brain region.
This study examined the effect of restraint stress on learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in key learning centers. Male mice were divided into three groups (n = 6/group)-control group, stress group (adult stressed group; S), and F1 group (parental stressed group). Stress group mice were subjected to physical restraint stress for 2 h before light offset for 2 weeks. The F1 group comprised adult male mice born of stressed parents. All animals were subjected to different tests and were sacrificed at the end. Transcription levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf), Tyrosine kinase (TrkB), Growth Associated Protein 43 (Gap-43), Neurogranin (Ng), cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (Creb), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Gsk3β), Interleukine-1 (IL-1) and Tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) were studied.
Results show that both adult and parental stress negatively affect learning, memory and cognition, as reflected by taking longer time to achieve the task or showing reduced exploratory behavior. Expression of Bdnf, TrkB, Gsk3β and Ng was downregulated, while IL-1 and Tnf-α were upregulated in the brain's cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus region of stressed mice. These effects seem to be relatively less severe in the offspring of stressed parents.
The findings suggest that physical restraint stress can alter learning, memory, cognition, and expression of transcripts in key learning centers of brain.
压力是影响认知的普遍因素之一。有几项研究考察了轻度或慢性应激对认知的影响。然而，这些研究大多局限于少数行为测试或在选定的脑区中选择的 RNA/蛋白质标记物的表达。
本研究检查了束缚应激对学习、记忆、认知以及关键学习中心转录物表达的影响。雄性小鼠分为三组（n=6/组）-对照组、应激组（成年应激组；S）和 F1 组（亲代应激组）。应激组小鼠在光照结束前 2 小时进行身体束缚应激，持续 2 周。F1 组由应激父母所生的成年雄性小鼠组成。所有动物均接受不同的测试，最后处死。研究了脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、酪氨酸激酶（TrkB）、生长相关蛋白 43（Gap-43）、神经颗粒素（Ng）、环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白（CREB）、糖原合成酶激酶 3β（GSK3β）、白细胞介素 1（IL-1）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的转录水平。
结果表明，成年和亲代应激都对学习、记忆和认知产生负面影响，表现为完成任务所需的时间更长或表现出的探索行为减少。应激小鼠大脑皮层、丘脑和海马区的 BDNF、TrkB、GSK3β和 Ng 的表达下调，而 IL-1 和 TNF-α的表达上调。这些影响在应激父母的后代中似乎相对较轻。
研究结果表明，躯体束缚应激可改变大脑关键学习中心的学习、记忆、认知和转录物的表达。
