Malevich Tatiana, Rybina Elena, Ivtushok Elizaveta, Ardasheva Liubov, MacInnes W Joseph
Vision Modelling Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, National Research University - Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, National Research University - Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2020 Jul;208:103107. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103107. Epub 2020 Jun 17.
Inhibition of return (IOR) represents a delay in responding to a previously inspected location and is viewed as a crucial mechanism that sways attention toward novelty in visual search. Although most visual processing occurs in retinotopic, eye-centered, coordinates, IOR must be coded in spatiotopic, environmental, coordinates to successfully serve its role as a foraging facilitator. Early studies supported this suggestion but recent results have shown that both spatiotopic and retinotopic reference frames of IOR may co-exist. The present study tested possible sources for IOR at the retinotopic location including being part of the spatiotopic IOR gradient, part of hemifield inhibition and being an independent source of IOR. We conducted four experiments that alternated the cue-target spatial distance (discrete and contiguous) and the response modality (manual and saccadic). In all experiments, we tested spatiotopic, retinotopic and neutral (neither spatiotopic nor retinotopic) locations. We did find IOR at both the retinotopic and spatiotopic locations but no evidence for an independent source of retinotopic IOR for either of the response modalities. In fact, we observed the spread of IOR across entire validly cued hemifield including at neutral locations. We conclude that these results indicate a strategy to inhibit the whole cued hemifield or suggest a large horizontal gradient around the spatiotopically cued location. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We perceive the visual world around us as stable despite constant shifts of the retinal image due to saccadic eye movements. In this study, we explore whether Inhibition of return (IOR), a mechanism preventing us from returning to previously attended locations, operates in spatiotopic, world-centered or in retinal, eye-centered coordinates. We tested both saccadic and manual IOR at spatiotopic, retinotopic, and control locations. We did not find an independent retinotopic source of IOR for either of the response modalities. The results suggest that IOR spreads over the whole previously attended visual hemifield or there is a large horizontal spatiotopic gradient. The current results are in line with the idea of IOR being a foraging facilitator in visual search and contribute to our understanding of spatiotopically organized aspects of visual and attentional systems.
返回抑制（IOR）表现为对先前检查过的位置做出反应的延迟，被视为视觉搜索中引导注意力转向新事物的关键机制。尽管大多数视觉处理发生在视网膜拓扑的、以眼睛为中心的坐标系中，但IOR必须在空间拓扑的、以环境为中心的坐标系中进行编码，才能成功发挥其作为觅食促进机制的作用。早期研究支持了这一观点，但最近的结果表明，IOR的空间拓扑和视网膜拓扑参考框架可能共存。本研究测试了视网膜拓扑位置上IOR的可能来源，包括作为空间拓扑IOR梯度的一部分、半视野抑制的一部分以及IOR的独立来源。我们进行了四项实验，交替改变线索-目标空间距离（离散和连续）和反应方式（手动和眼跳）。在所有实验中，我们测试了空间拓扑、视网膜拓扑和中性（既非空间拓扑也非视网膜拓扑）位置。我们确实在视网膜拓扑和空间拓扑位置都发现了IOR，但没有证据表明两种反应方式中的任何一种存在独立的视网膜拓扑IOR来源。事实上，我们观察到IOR在整个有效线索化的半视野中传播，包括在中性位置。我们得出结论，这些结果表明了一种抑制整个线索化半视野的策略，或者表明在空间拓扑线索化位置周围存在一个大的水平梯度。公共意义声明：尽管由于眼跳运动视网膜图像不断变化，我们仍将周围的视觉世界感知为稳定的。在本研究中，我们探讨了返回抑制（IOR）这一阻止我们返回先前关注位置的机制，是在空间拓扑的、以世界为中心的坐标系中，还是在视网膜的、以眼睛为中心的坐标系中起作用。我们在空间拓扑、视网膜拓扑和对照位置测试了眼跳和手动IOR。我们没有发现两种反应方式中的任何一种存在独立的视网膜拓扑IOR来源。结果表明，IOR在整个先前关注的视觉半视野中传播，或者存在一个大的水平空间拓扑梯度。当前结果与IOR在视觉搜索中作为觅食促进机制的观点一致，并有助于我们理解视觉和注意力系统的空间拓扑组织方面。
