Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 311121, China.
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2021 Aug;28(4):1243-1251. doi: 10.3758/s13423-021-01893-1. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
How does the brain maintain spatial attention despite the retinal displacement of objects by saccades? A possible solution is to use the vector of an upcoming saccade to compensate for the shift of objects on eye-centered (retinotopic) brain maps. In support of this hypothesis, previous studies have revealed attentional effects at the future retinal locus of an attended object, just before the onset of saccades. A critical yet unresolved theoretical issue is whether predictively remapped attentional effects would persist long enough on eye-centered brain maps, so no external input (goal, expectation, reward, memory, etc.) is needed to maintain spatial attention immediately following saccades. The present study examined this issue with inhibition of return (IOR), an attentional effect that reveals itself in both world-centered and eye-centered coordinates, and predictively remaps before saccades. In the first task, a saccade was introduced to a cueing task ("nonreturn-saccade task") to show that IOR is coded in world-centered coordinates following saccades. In a second cueing task, two consecutive saccades were executed to trigger remapping and to dissociate the retinal locus relevant to remapping from the cued retinal locus ("return-saccade" task). IOR was observed at the remapped retinal locus 430-ms following the (first) saccade that triggered remapping. A third cueing task ("no-remapping" task) further revealed that the lingering IOR effect left by remapping was not confounded by the attention spillover. These results together show that predictive remapping leaves a robust attentional trace on eye-centered brain maps. This retinotopic trace is sufficient to sustain spatial attention for a few hundred milliseconds following saccades.
大脑如何在眼球运动导致物体视网膜位置发生位移的情况下保持空间注意力？一种可能的解决方案是利用即将进行的眼球运动的向量来补偿眼中心（视网膜拓扑）脑图上物体的位移。支持这一假设的是，之前的研究揭示了在注视物体的未来视网膜位置出现之前，注意力会在注视点产生影响，即在眼球运动开始之前。一个关键但尚未解决的理论问题是，预测性重新映射的注意力效应是否会在眼中心脑图上持续足够长的时间，以至于在眼球运动后不需要外部输入（目标、期望、奖励、记忆等）来维持空间注意力。本研究通过返回抑制（IOR）检验了这一问题，IOR 是一种在世界中心和眼中心坐标中都表现出来的注意力效应，并且在眼球运动前进行了预测性重新映射。在第一个任务中，在提示任务（“非返回眼球运动任务”）中引入了眼球运动，以表明在眼球运动后，IOR 是在世界中心坐标中编码的。在第二个提示任务中，执行了两个连续的眼球运动，以触发重新映射，并将与重新映射相关的视网膜位置与提示的视网膜位置区分开来（“返回眼球运动任务”）。在触发重新映射的第一个眼球运动后 430 毫秒观察到了在重新映射的视网膜位置的 IOR。第三个提示任务（“无重新映射任务”）进一步表明，重新映射留下的持久 IOR 效应不受注意力溢出的影响。这些结果共同表明，预测性重新映射在眼中心脑图上留下了一个强大的注意力痕迹。这种视网膜拓扑痕迹足以在眼球运动后持续数百毫秒的空间注意力。
