China was once one of the most heavily endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF), with a heavy disease burden. Due to decades of sustained efforts, LF was eliminated from China in 2007. The historical tales in the control and elimination of LF in China and current post-elimination surveillance are reviewed and concluded. In the course of LF control and elimination, National Technical Steering Group for Filariasis Control and Research, and Collaborating Research Group on the Transmission Threshold of Filariasis, led by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, carried out researches, developed control measures, and applied in practical control and surveillance. The main of the results include: in theoretical study, (1) formulating the microfilaria rate below 1% as the transmission threshold of filariasis, (2) developing anti-filarial drugs and establishing animal model for drug screening, (3) studying the vectorial capacity of mosquitoes transmitted filariasis; in clinical diagnostic and therapy, (1) developing antigens for serological diagnostics, (2) studying different administration regimes for alleviating the side-response of diethylcarbamazine (DEC), (3) studying on the recurrence of acute adenolymphangitis and lymphadenitis of malayan filariasis, (4) observing lymphoedema of the lower extremity using lymphangiography; in practical control and surveillance, (1) establishing the control strategy taking elimination of infection source as the major focus, (2) formulating safe, feasible and effective DEC-mass drug administration, (3) revealing the transmission pattern of filariasis at the post-control phase, (4) establishing comprehensive active surveillance system, (5) formulating the criteria of basic elimination and elimination of filariasis. In the post-elimination surveillance phase, special monitoring and investigation in key areas were conducted for clearing way potential residual infection sources. Two schemes on LF surveillance in the post-elimination phase and caring for chronic filariasis patients were issued to maintain the diagnosis and treatment skills of filariasis all levels of disease control and prevention workers in future. Also, the Notifiable Diseases Reporting System, which included LF in 2004, plays an important role in LF post-elimination surveillance to prevent LF resurgence in China. The strategies and measures of LF control, elimination and post-elimination surveillance in China provide valuable practical experience and promote the progress of Global Programme of Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in worldwide.