Psychiatric Outpatient Department, Mental Health District Hospital Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany,
Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany,
Eur Addict Res. 2020;26(4-5):254-262. doi: 10.1159/000508871. Epub 2020 Jun 19.
There is a frequent comorbidity of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) use disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The assumption that this patient group "self-medicate" suggests that there are different use motives for ATS addicted patients with and without ADHD.
Our study investigates these potential differences in use motives.
Within a mixed-method approach, we examined the use motives of adults with ATS use disorder with and without ADHD in the first and latest month of their use. For this purpose, we used the 12-item Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Motive Questionnaire (AMQ) and a mind mapping technique after verifying that these tools are applicable to adults with ADHD.
The mixed-method approach showed that enhancement motives were the most important motives in the first month of use (e.g., fun/kick/rush/desire, and curiosity/interest in the drug/appeal), and over time, the incidence of coping motives increased (e.g., repression and freeing the mind/not having to think/switching off). There were no differences between adults with and without ADHD in the AMQ data, while the qualitative data showed that adults with ADHD used ATS less often out of social motives. In particular, the results showed no differences in the coping dimension and, thus, did not suggest that self-medication is an important factor for patients with ADHD.
Patients with and without ADHD show very similar motive patterns for ATS use. This indicates that ATS treatment programs addressing use motives do not necessarily have to be different for patients with and without ADHD.
安非他命类兴奋剂（ATS）使用障碍和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）经常共病。假设该患者群体“自我治疗”表明，ATS 成瘾患者和无 ADHD 的患者的使用动机不同。
我们的研究调查了这些潜在的使用动机差异。
在混合方法的基础上，我们检查了有和没有 ADHD 的 ATS 使用障碍成年人在使用的第一个月和最后一个月的使用动机。为此，我们使用了 12 项安非他命类兴奋剂动机问卷（AMQ）和思维导图技术，在验证这些工具适用于 ADHD 成年人之后。
混合方法表明，增强动机是使用第一个月最重要的动机（例如，乐趣/刺激/兴奋/渴望和对药物/吸引力的好奇/兴趣），随着时间的推移，应对动机的发生率增加（例如，压抑和解放思想/不去想/关闭）。在 AMQ 数据中，有和没有 ADHD 的成年人之间没有差异，而定性数据表明，由于社交动机，患有 ADHD 的成年人使用 ATS 的频率较低。特别是，结果表明在应对维度上没有差异，因此，这并不表明自我治疗是 ADHD 患者的一个重要因素。
有和没有 ADHD 的患者对 ATS 的使用表现出非常相似的动机模式。这表明，针对使用动机的 ATS 治疗方案不一定需要针对有和没有 ADHD 的患者有所不同。
