Kim Boo-Young, Park Ju Yeon, Kim EuiJin
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea.
Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2020 Nov;34(6):810-821. doi: 10.1177/1945892420930945. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Steroid therapy and olfactory training are common treatments for olfactory loss. Systemic steroid treatment is the most effective approach for treating sinonasal olfactory loss. Olfactory training is typically effective for treating sensorineural olfactory loss. However, the differences in mechanisms of steroid therapy and olfactory training for olfactory dysfunction are unclear. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the differences in mechanisms of olfactory training and steroid therapy.
Mice in each group were administered 3-methylindole at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Olfactory function was evaluated with a food-finding test once a week. The olfactory neuroepithelium was harvested for histologic examination and protein analysis. Subsequently, data analysis, gene ontology and pathway analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of mRNA, and western blot analysis were conducted.
Mice were divided into four groups according to treatment. Control, anosmia, training, and steroid groups resumed food-finding. and mRNA expression were significantly increased in the training group compared to that in the steroid group. mRNA expression was significantly higher in the olfactory neuroepithelium of steroid-treated mice than in that of the training group mice.
Steroid therapy improved olfactory function via anti-inflammatory effects, unlike olfactory training which involved cell regeneration and tissue remodeling. Protein and gene analyses revealed that steroid therapy and olfactory training are underpinned by distinct mechanisms. Selection of the most appropriate treatment will be dependent on the cause of olfactory loss.
类固醇疗法和嗅觉训练是嗅觉丧失的常见治疗方法。全身类固醇治疗是治疗鼻旁窦嗅觉丧失最有效的方法。嗅觉训练通常对治疗感音神经性嗅觉丧失有效。然而，类固醇疗法和嗅觉训练对嗅觉功能障碍的作用机制差异尚不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是评估嗅觉训练和类固醇疗法在作用机制上的差异。
每组小鼠给予3 - 甲基吲哚，剂量为300 mg/kg。每周通过寻食试验评估嗅觉功能。采集嗅觉神经上皮进行组织学检查和蛋白质分析。随后，进行数据分析、基因本体论和通路分析、mRNA的定量实时聚合酶链反应以及蛋白质印迹分析。
根据治疗方法将小鼠分为四组。对照组、嗅觉丧失组、训练组和类固醇组恢复了寻食能力。与类固醇组相比，训练组中 和 的mRNA表达显著增加。类固醇治疗小鼠的嗅觉神经上皮中 的mRNA表达显著高于训练组小鼠。
与涉及细胞再生和组织重塑的嗅觉训练不同，类固醇疗法通过抗炎作用改善嗅觉功能。蛋白质和基因分析表明，类固醇疗法和嗅觉训练有不同的作用机制。选择最合适的治疗方法将取决于嗅觉丧失的原因。
