Sharrett A R
Sci Total Environ. 1977 May;7(3):217-26. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(77)90045-6.
The hypothesis that the hardness of drinking water has a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease will be strengthened if it can be demonstrated that elements in drinking water find their way into human tissues in significant amounts. For biologically important metals, the evidence is reviewed for a relationship of tissue levels to levels in drinking water. Hard water can contribute significantly to daily magnesium intake. Residents of hard-water areas may have raised levels of magnesium in coronary arteries, bone, and myocardial tissue. Lead levels in bone and in blood have been shown to be elevated in individuals living in homes with lead plumbing and soft water. Cadmium intake from water is probably small compared to that from other sources, and there is no convincing evidence of alteration in human tissue levels via drinking water cadmium. Human zinc and copper tissue levels are of interest but have not been adequately studied in relation to drinking water levels.
如果能够证明饮用水中的元素大量进入人体组织，那么饮用水硬度在心血管疾病发展中起因果作用这一假说将得到加强。对于具有生物学重要性的金属，本文综述了组织水平与饮用水中水平之间关系的证据。硬水可显著增加日常镁摄入量。硬水地区居民冠状动脉、骨骼和心肌组织中的镁水平可能会升高。研究表明，居住在使用铅管且水质较软的家庭中的个体，其骨骼和血液中的铅水平会升高。与其他来源相比，通过饮水摄入的镉量可能较小，且没有令人信服的证据表明饮用水中的镉会改变人体组织中的镉水平。人体锌和铜的组织水平值得关注，但尚未针对与饮用水水平的关系进行充分研究。
