Sonneborn M, Mandelkow J
Sci Total Environ. 1981 Apr;18:47-60. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(81)80049-6.
The influence of drinking water quality on mortality and morbidity of various diseases has been studied for more than 20 years. From these diseases, those of the cardiovascular system have been playing a special role. Better and more specified information on the differences in the composition of drinking water may essentially contribute to a solution of the problem of association between water quality and the incidence of diseases. In more than 600 water supply areas in the Federal Republic of Germany the composition of the drinking water has been analyzed. From these data, areas of different water quality are to be selected for additional investigations of the problem of health relevance of drinking water quality. So far, the following constituents of drinking water have been measured: Na, Ca, Mg, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, SO4, PO4, NO3, NO2, Cl, F, I, etc. The methods of analysis used were atomic absorption spectrometry, plasma emission spectrometry, and ion chromatography. Additionally, more than 19 000 data on drinking water in accordance with standard analytic procedures under the Drinking Water Regulations are available in a comprehensive data bank (BIBIDAT). There have been studies establishing associations between water hardness and cardiovascular diseases but also studies which do not confirm this association or even present converse results. Also water constituents like magnesium, cadmium, etc. have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. Some investigations have shown correlations between e.g. the concentration of fluoride in drinking water and caries or iodide and goitre.
饮用水质量对各种疾病死亡率和发病率的影响已研究了20多年。在这些疾病中，心血管系统疾病一直起着特殊作用。关于饮用水成分差异的更详细、更具体的信息可能对解决水质与疾病发病率之间的关联问题有很大帮助。在德意志联邦共和国的600多个供水区，对饮用水成分进行了分析。根据这些数据，要选择不同水质的地区，对饮用水质量与健康相关性问题进行进一步调查。到目前为止，已对饮用水中的以下成分进行了测量：钠、钙、镁、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、锰、镍、铅、锌、硫酸根、磷酸根、硝酸根、亚硝酸根、氯、氟、碘等。所采用的分析方法有原子吸收光谱法、等离子体发射光谱法和离子色谱法。此外，一个综合数据库（BIBIDAT）中存有按照《饮用水条例》标准分析程序获得的19000多条饮用水数据。有研究证实水硬度与心血管疾病之间存在关联，但也有研究不支持这种关联，甚至得出相反结果。镁、镉等水中成分也与心血管疾病有关。一些调查显示，例如饮用水中氟化物浓度与龋齿、碘化物与甲状腺肿之间存在相关性。
