Tello-Fraile M, Cano A, Donaire M
Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica and IMUVA, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
Institut Néel, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, 38042 Grenoble, France.
Phys Rev E. 2020 May;101(5-1):052113. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.101.052113.
We investigate the thermalization of a two-component scalar field across a second-order phase transition under extremely fast quenches. We find that vortices start developing once the thermal bath sets the control parameter to its final value in the nonsymmetric phase. Specifically, we find that vortices emerge as the fluctuating field relaxes and departs macroscopically from its symmetric configuration. The density of primordial vortices at the relaxation time is a decreasing function of the final temperature of the quench. Subsequently, vortices and antivortices annihilate at a rate that eventually determines the total thermalization time. This rate decreases if the theory contains a discrete anisotropy term, which otherwise leaves the primordial vortex density unaffected. Our results thus establish a link between the topological processes involved in the vortex dynamics and the delay in the thermalization of the system.
我们研究了在极快速猝灭下，双组分标量场在二阶相变过程中的热化现象。我们发现，一旦热浴将控制参数设定为非对称相中的最终值，涡旋就开始形成。具体而言，我们发现，随着波动场弛豫并在宏观上偏离其对称构型，涡旋出现。弛豫时间处的原初涡旋密度是猝灭最终温度的递减函数。随后，涡旋和反涡旋以最终决定总热化时间的速率湮灭。如果该理论包含一个离散各向异性项，此速率会降低，但该项不会影响原初涡旋密度。因此，我们的结果在涡旋动力学中涉及拓扑过程与系统热化延迟之间建立了联系。
