Bian Jun, Fu Huijian, Jin Jia
Department of Traffic Information, Zhejiang Expressway Information Engineering Technology CO., LTD, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
ZEIET Research Institute, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020 Jun 2;13:495-505. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S248947. eCollection 2020.
Safety signs are widely used to deliver safety-related information. There are many different types of safety signs. Although previous studies have paid attention to the design and effectiveness of safety signs, little attention has been devoted to investigating how people process the information conveyed by different types of safety signs. Accordingly, the current study is intended to explore the neural mechanisms underlying people's perception of different types of safety signs.
Three types of safety signs (prohibition, mandatory and warning signs) were used in the study. We employed questionnaire and event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment with an implicit paradigm to probe how people perceive these three types of safety signs.
Behaviorally, warning signs induced a higher level of perceived hazard than prohibition signs and mandatory signs, and prohibition signs induced a higher level of perceived hazard than mandatory signs. At the brain level, prohibition signs and warning signs led to reduced P2 amplitudes compared to mandatory signs. In addition, warning signs elicited larger N2 and N4 amplitudes than prohibition signs and mandatory signs, and prohibition signs elicited larger N2 and N4 amplitudes than mandatory signs, coinciding with the behavioral results.
Different types of safety signs led to significant differences in individuals' hazard perception. Based on the neural results, we suggest that the processing of safety signs consists of two stages: the rapid detection of hazard information (indicated by P2) and the conscious integration of hazard information in working memory (indicated by N2 and N4).
安全标志被广泛用于传递与安全相关的信息。安全标志有许多不同类型。尽管先前的研究关注了安全标志的设计和有效性，但很少有人致力于研究人们如何处理不同类型安全标志所传达的信息。因此，当前的研究旨在探索人们对不同类型安全标志感知背后的神经机制。
本研究使用了三种类型的安全标志（禁止标志、指令标志和警告标志）。我们采用问卷调查和事件相关电位（ERP）实验的内隐范式来探究人们如何感知这三种类型的安全标志。
在行为层面，警告标志引发的感知危险程度高于禁止标志和指令标志，且禁止标志引发的感知危险程度高于指令标志。在大脑层面，与指令标志相比，禁止标志和警告标志导致P2波幅降低。此外，警告标志引发的N2和N4波幅大于禁止标志和指令标志，禁止标志引发的N2和N4波幅大于指令标志，这与行为结果一致。
不同类型的安全标志导致个体在危险感知上存在显著差异。基于神经学结果，我们认为安全标志的处理包括两个阶段：危险信息的快速检测（由P2表示）和工作记忆中危险信息的有意识整合（由N2和N4表示）。
