D'Alessio Luciana, Korman Guido Pablo, Sarudiansky Mercedes, Guelman Laura Ruth, Scévola Laura, Pastore Alejandra, Obregón Amilcar, Roldán Emilio J A
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, IBCN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 4;11:501. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00501. eCollection 2020.
The allostatic load (AL) index constitutes a useful tool to objectively assess the biological aspects of chronic stress in clinical practice. AL index has been positively correlated with cumulative chronic stress (physical and psychosocial stressors) and with a high risk to develop pathological conditions (e.g., metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular pathology, inflammatory disorders) and the so-called stress-related psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depressive disorders. Chronic stress has negative effects on brain neuroplasticity, especially on hippocampal neurogenesis and these effects may be reversed by antidepressant treatments. Several evidences indicate that non-pharmacological interventions based on physical activity and yoga practice may add synergizing benefits to classical treatments (antidepressant and benzodiazepines) for depression and anxiety, reducing the negative effects of chronic stress. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of current knowledge on AL and chronic stress in relation to depression and anxiety, physical activity and yoga practice.
应激负荷（AL）指数是临床实践中客观评估慢性应激生物学方面的有用工具。AL指数与累积慢性应激（身体和心理社会应激源）呈正相关，且与发生病理状况（如代谢综合征、心血管疾病、炎症性疾病）以及所谓的应激相关精神障碍（包括焦虑症和抑郁症）的高风险相关。慢性应激对大脑神经可塑性有负面影响，尤其是对海马体神经发生的影响，而这些影响可能会通过抗抑郁治疗得到逆转。有多项证据表明，基于体育活动和瑜伽练习的非药物干预可能会为抑郁症和焦虑症的传统治疗（抗抑郁药和苯二氮䓬类药物）带来协同益处，减少慢性应激的负面影响。本综述的目的是概述当前关于AL以及与抑郁症、焦虑症、体育活动和瑜伽练习相关的慢性应激的知识。
