Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania.
Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania.
Personal Disord. 2021 Sep;12(5):437-447. doi: 10.1037/per0000423. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
Psychopathy is characterized by affective and interpersonal deficits, deviant lifestyle, and antisocial behaviors. Much research has been dedicated to understanding the impairments in reinforcement learning, fear conditioning, and sensitivity to threat, distress, or fear in others, which are thought to underpin psychopathic traits. Fewer studies have examined deficits in affiliative processes, which could provide insight into mechanisms giving rise to the impairments in social bonding, closeness with others, and cooperation that also characterize individuals high on psychopathy. The current study examined whether reduced sensitivity to affiliation was related to psychopathic traits among 407 adults from the community (female, 59%). Sensitivity to affiliation was modeled as a latent construct capturing item-level variance shared across 4 measures that assessed sensitivity to emotional and physical cues of affiliation, including stimuli presented as videos or images, and via self-report ratings about sensitivity to positive affiliative and affective cues. Results indicated that lower sensitivity to affiliation was related to higher total psychopathy scores. In particular, in models parsing the overlap of psychopathy factor and facet scores, lower sensitivity to affiliation was uniquely related to higher Factor 1 and affective facet scores, as well as higher scores on a measure of callous-unemotional traits. Our findings provide support for the existence of important socioaffiliative and motivational deficits that may underpin the affective features of psychopathy and speak to the potential to target such mechanisms in interventions and treatments to reduce psychopathic traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
精神病态的特征是情感和人际关系缺陷、异常的生活方式和反社会行为。大量研究致力于理解强化学习、恐惧条件反射以及对他人威胁、痛苦或恐惧的敏感性方面的损伤，这些损伤被认为是精神病态特征的基础。较少的研究检查了亲和过程的缺陷，这可能有助于了解导致社会联系、与他人亲近和合作受损的机制，这些也构成了精神病态个体的特征。本研究检查了在来自社区的 407 名成年人（女性，59%）中，对亲和的敏感性降低是否与精神病态特征有关。对亲和的敏感性被建模为一个潜在的结构，捕捉了跨越 4 个测量指标的项目水平差异，这些指标评估了对情感和身体亲和线索的敏感性，包括以视频或图像呈现的刺激，以及通过对积极亲和和情感线索的敏感性进行自我报告评分。结果表明，对亲和的敏感性降低与总精神病态评分较高有关。特别是，在解析精神病态因子和方面评分重叠的模型中，对亲和的敏感性降低与较高的因子 1 和情感方面评分以及较高的冷酷无情特征测量得分有关。我们的发现支持存在重要的社会亲和和动机缺陷，这些缺陷可能构成精神病态的情感特征，并表明在干预和治疗中针对这些机制可能有助于减少精神病态特征。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
