Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interface, Potsdam, Germany.
Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB) - B CUBE, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
J Fish Biol. 2021 Apr;98(4):942-955. doi: 10.1111/jfb.14444. Epub 2020 Jul 17.
When describing the architecture and ultrastructure of animal skeletons, introductory biology, anatomy and histology textbooks typically focus on the few bone and cartilage types prevalent in humans. In reality, cartilage and bone are far more diverse in the animal kingdom, particularly within fishes (Chondrichthyes and Actinopterygii), where cartilage and bone types are characterized by features that are anomalous or even pathological in human skeletons. This review discusses the curious and complex architectures of shark and ray tessellated cartilage, highlighting similarities and differences with their mammalian skeletal tissue counterparts. By synthesizing older anatomical literature with recent high-resolution structural and materials characterization work, this review frames emerging pictures of form-function relationships in this tissue and of the evolution and true diversity of cartilage and bone.
当描述动物骨骼的结构和超微结构时，基础生物学、解剖学和组织学教科书通常集中于在人类中普遍存在的少数几种骨骼和软骨类型。实际上，软骨和骨骼在动物王国中更加多样化，尤其是在鱼类（软骨鱼纲和硬骨鱼纲）中，软骨和骨骼类型的特征在人类骨骼中是异常的，甚至是病态的。本综述讨论了鲨鱼和鳐鱼镶嵌软骨的奇特而复杂的结构，强调了它们与哺乳动物骨骼组织对应物的相似之处和不同之处。通过将旧的解剖学文献与最近的高分辨率结构和材料特性研究相结合，本综述构建了该组织中形态-功能关系以及软骨和骨骼的进化和真正多样性的新兴图景。
