Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nutr Rev. 2021 Jan 9;79(2):171-187. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa036.
Evidence suggests that plasma glucose levels may influence cognitive performance, but this has not been systematically reviewed and quantified.
The aim of this review was to investigate the potential effects of glucose and sucrose, compared with placebo, on cognition in healthy humans.
The electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to December 2019. Reference lists of selected articles were checked manually.
Randomized controlled trials or crossover trials that compared glucose or sucrose with placebo for effects on cognition were eligible.
Potentially eligible articles were selected independently by 2 authors. Risk of bias was assessed through the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were obtained from random-effects meta-analyses for a subsample of studies that reported the same outcomes.
Thirty-seven trials were identified, of which 35 investigated the effect of glucose consumption compared with placebo on cognition. Two studies found no effect of glucose on cognition, while the others found mixed results. Only 3 of the 37 studies investigated the effects of sucrose intake, reporting mixed results. Meta-analyses revealed a significantly positive effect of glucose compared with control, but only when a verbal performance test (immediate word recall) was used in parallel-design studies (SMD = 0.61; 95%CI, 0.20-1.02; I2 = 0%). Twenty-four studies were classified as having high risk of bias for the selection procedure.
A limited body of evidence shows a beneficial effect of glucose in individuals performing immediate verbal tasks. High-quality trials with standardized cognitive measurements are needed to better establish the effect of glucose or sucrose on cognition.
PROSPERO registration number CRD42019122939.
有证据表明，血浆葡萄糖水平可能会影响认知表现，但这尚未得到系统的审查和量化。
本综述旨在研究与安慰剂相比，葡萄糖和蔗糖对健康人群认知的潜在影响。
电子数据库 PubMed 和 Web of Science 被检索至 2019 年 12 月。通过手动检查选定文章的参考文献列表来检查其他潜在的相关文献。
符合条件的研究是随机对照试验或交叉试验，比较了葡萄糖或蔗糖与安慰剂对认知的影响。
两名作者独立选择可能符合条件的文章。通过 Cochrane 协作工具评估偏倚风险。对于报告相同结局的研究子样本，采用随机效应荟萃分析获得标准化均数差（SMD）。
共确定了 37 项试验，其中 35 项研究了葡萄糖消耗与安慰剂对认知的影响。两项研究发现葡萄糖对认知没有影响，而其他研究则得出了混合的结果。只有 37 项研究中的 3 项研究了蔗糖摄入的影响，报告了混合的结果。荟萃分析显示，与对照组相比，葡萄糖有显著的积极影响，但仅当在平行设计研究中使用言语表现测试（即时单词回忆）时（SMD=0.61；95%CI，0.20-1.02；I2=0%）。24 项研究在选择过程中被归类为高偏倚风险。
有限的证据表明葡萄糖对执行即时言语任务的个体有益。需要进行高质量的、具有标准化认知测量的试验，以更好地确定葡萄糖或蔗糖对认知的影响。
PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42019122939。
