Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Department for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
J Biol Chem. 2020 Oct 9;295(41):13958-13964. doi: 10.1074/jbc.AC120.013788. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the devastating COVID-19 lung disease pandemic. Here, we tested the inhibitory activities of the antiviral interferons of type I (IFN-α) and type III (IFN-λ) against SARS-CoV-2 and compared them with those against SARS-CoV-1, which emerged in 2003. Using two mammalian epithelial cell lines (human Calu-3 and simian Vero E6), we found that both IFNs dose-dependently inhibit SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, SARS-CoV-1 was restricted only by IFN-α in these cell lines. SARS-CoV-2 generally exhibited a broader IFN sensitivity than SARS-CoV-1. Moreover, ruxolitinib, an inhibitor of IFN-triggered Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling, boosted SARS-CoV-2 replication in the IFN-competent Calu-3 cells. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to exogenously added IFNs. This finding suggests that type I and especially the less adverse effect-prone type III IFN are good candidates for the management of COVID-19.
最近出现的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)是毁灭性 COVID-19 肺部疾病大流行的病原体。在这里,我们测试了 I 型(IFN-α)和 III 型(IFN-λ)抗病毒干扰素对 SARS-CoV-2 的抑制活性,并将其与 2003 年出现的 SARS-CoV-1 进行了比较。使用两种哺乳动物上皮细胞系(人 Calu-3 和猴 Vero E6),我们发现两种 IFN 均呈剂量依赖性抑制 SARS-CoV-2。相比之下,在这些细胞系中,SARS-CoV-1 仅受 IFN-α限制。SARS-CoV-2 通常比 SARS-CoV-1 对 IFN 的敏感性更广泛。此外,Janus 激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子(JAK/STAT)信号转导的 IFN 触发抑制剂鲁索利替尼在 IFN 相容的 Calu-3 细胞中增强了 SARS-CoV-2 的复制。我们得出结论,SARS-CoV-2 对体外添加的 IFNs 敏感。这一发现表明,I 型尤其是不良反应倾向较小的 III 型 IFN 是治疗 COVID-19 的良好候选药物。
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