Becerra-Rodríguez Carmen, Marsit Souhir, Galeote Virginie
SPO, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l'Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, (PROTEO), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
Front Genet. 2020 Jun 10;11:602. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00602. eCollection 2020.
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for yeasts and its relative abundance is an important modulator of fermentation kinetics. The main sources of nitrogen in food are ammonium and free amino acids, however, secondary sources such as oligopeptides are also important contributors to the nitrogen supply. In yeast, oligopeptide uptake is driven by different families of proton-coupled transporters whose specificity depends on peptide length. Proton-dependent Oligopeptide Transporters (POT) are specific to di- and tri-peptides, whereas the Oligopeptide Transport (OPT) family members import tetra- and pentapeptides. Recently, the novel family of Fungal Oligopeptide Transporters (FOT) has been identified in wine strains as a result of a horizontal gene transfer from . In natural grape must fermentations with , Fots have a broader range of oligopeptide utilization in comparison with non-Fot strains, leading to higher biomass production and better fermentation efficiency. In this review we present the current knowledge on the diversity of oligopeptide transporters in yeast, also discussing how the consumption of oligopeptides provides an adaptive advantage to yeasts within the wine environment.
氮是酵母的必需营养素，其相对丰度是发酵动力学的重要调节因子。食物中的主要氮源是铵和游离氨基酸，不过，寡肽等次要来源也是氮供应的重要贡献者。在酵母中，寡肽的摄取由不同家族的质子偶联转运蛋白驱动，其特异性取决于肽的长度。质子依赖性寡肽转运蛋白（POT）对二肽和三肽具有特异性，而寡肽转运（OPT）家族成员则转运四肽和五肽。最近，由于水平基因转移，在葡萄酒菌株中鉴定出了新型真菌寡肽转运蛋白（FOT）家族。在使用[具体物质未给出]的天然葡萄汁发酵中，与非Fot菌株相比，Fots具有更广泛的寡肽利用范围，从而导致更高的生物量产量和更好的发酵效率。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了目前关于酵母中寡肽转运蛋白多样性的知识，还讨论了寡肽的消耗如何为葡萄酒环境中的酵母提供适应性优势。
