Mekonnen Besufekad, Haddis Alemayehu, Zeine Wuhib
Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia.
Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
J Environ Public Health. 2020 Jun 8;2020:5157046. doi: 10.1155/2020/5157046. eCollection 2020.
An increase in urban population and the rising demand for food and other essentials perpetuate a rise in the amount of waste being generated daily by each household. In Ethiopia, this waste is eventually thrown into open dump sites. It can cause severe impact on soil and surface water quality. As a result, it becomes the probable source of human health risk through food chain. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the effect of a solid waste dump site on surrounding soil and river water quality in Tepi town, Southwest Ethiopia. Three surface water, one leachate, and four soil samples were collected and analyzed. Six heavy metals for surface water and leachate samples and four heavy metals for soil samples were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, physiochemical parameters were analyzed using standard methods. The data were analyzed statistically using Origin pro version 8.0 computer software packages. The pH of soil was slightly basic ranging from 8 ± 0.1 to 8.7 ± 0.21. Electrical conductivity was lower at 60 meters (1800 ± 0.5 s/cm) and higher in the other sample sites (3490 ± 0.66-4920 ± 1.04 s/cm). The concentration of heavy metals in soil samples revealed cadmium (0.53 ± 0.01-2.26 ± 0.02 mg/kg), zinc (623.93 ± 0.29-859.41 ± 0.02 mg/kg), lead (3.26 ± 0.25-57.560.26 mg/kg), and copper (204.06 ± 0.06-337.11 ± 0.01 mg/kg). Lead, cadmium, manganese, nickel, copper, and zinc were found in the leachate water; nickel and manganese were found in the nearby river water; BOD and COD for both leachate and stream water samples were found to be higher than standard guideline values. The finding suggested that solid waste open dump site adversely affects soil and water quality in the study area and becomes a probable source of risk for human health via the food chain.
城市人口的增长以及对食物和其他必需品需求的上升，使得每户家庭每日产生的垃圾量持续增加。在埃塞俄比亚，这些垃圾最终被扔到露天垃圾场。这会对土壤和地表水质量造成严重影响。因此，它通过食物链成为人类健康风险的潜在源头。所以，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西南部特皮镇一个固体废弃物垃圾场对周边土壤和河水质量的影响。采集并分析了三个地表水样本、一个渗滤液样本和四个土壤样本。采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了地表水和渗滤液样本中的六种重金属以及土壤样本中的四种重金属。此外，使用标准方法分析了理化参数。运用Origin pro 8.0版计算机软件包对数据进行了统计分析。土壤的pH值呈弱碱性，范围在8 ± 0.1至8.7 ± 0.21之间。电导率在60米处较低（1800 ± 0.5 s/cm），在其他采样点较高（3490 ± 0.66 - 4920 ± 1.04 s/cm）。土壤样本中的重金属浓度显示，镉为（0.53 ± 0.01 - 2.26 ± 0.02 mg/kg），锌为（623.93 ± 0.29 - 859.41 ± 0.02 mg/kg），铅为（3.26 ± 0.25 - 57.56 ± 0.26 mg/kg），铜为（204.06 ± 0.06 - 337.11 ± 0.01 mg/kg）。渗滤液中发现了铅、镉、锰、镍、铜和锌；附近河水中发现了镍和锰；渗滤液和溪水样本的生化需氧量和化学需氧量均高于标准指导值。研究结果表明，固体废弃物露天垃圾场对研究区域的土壤和水质产生了不利影响，并通过食物链成为人类健康风险的潜在源头。
