Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical Research School Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Environ Int. 2020 Sep;142:105854. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105854. Epub 2020 Jun 24.
Few studies have examined the risk of long-term exposure to source-specific airborne pollutants on incidence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events.
We aimed to estimate the effect of long-term exposure to source-specific air pollution and particulate matter (PM) components on incidence of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and total cardiovascular events (CVE) in the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (HNR).
We used baseline (2000-2003) and 14-year follow-up data of the HNR Study, an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study in Western Germany. Participants' residential mean exposures to NO and total and source-specific PM, PM, accumulation mode particle number concentration (PN), and PM components were modelled using a dispersion and chemical transport model. We used Cox regression to evaluate the effect of pollutants (per 1 μg/m increase and per interquartile range - IQR) on risk of stroke and CHD, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors and nighttime traffic noise exposure.
In 4,105 included participants (aged 45-76 at baseline, 52.5% women), we observed 118 cases of first stroke and 373 cases of first CHD during 46,748 person-years under risk. The median survival time within the cohort was 13.3 years. No effect of exposure to ambient air pollution on risk of CHD was observed, but distinct effects were observed for stroke. Ambient traffic-specific PM showed a stronger effect on stroke than industry-specific PM: hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for total, traffic-specific, and industry-specific PM were 1.16 (1.02-1.34), 2.53 (1.07-5.97), and 1.27 (1.03-1.56) per 1 μg/m increase, respectively. PM components showed no substantially different effects from those of total PM per IQR, but higher associations were observed for NH and SO per 1 μg/m. However, the exposure contrast of ammonium and sulfate components was very low.
Traffic-specific PM exhibited stronger effects than total and industry-specific PM on risk of stroke. Among components, NH and SO showed higher effects. No effect was observed for PM and CHD.
很少有研究调查长期暴露于特定空气污染源对脑血管和心血管事件发生率的影响。
我们旨在评估长期暴露于特定空气污染物和颗粒物 (PM) 成分对基于人群的 Heinz Nixdorf 回顾研究 (HNR) 中风、冠心病 (CHD) 和总心血管事件 (CVE) 发生率的影响。
我们使用了 HNR 研究的基线（2000-2003 年）和 14 年随访数据，这是一项在德国西部进行的基于人群的前瞻性队列研究。使用扩散和化学输送模型对参与者的住宅平均暴露于 NO 和总及特定源 PM、PM、积聚模态粒子数浓度 (PN) 和 PM 成分进行建模。我们使用 Cox 回归来评估污染物（每增加 1μg/m 和每四分位距-IQR）对中风和 CHD 风险的影响，同时调整了社会人口统计学特征、生活方式风险因素和夜间交通噪声暴露。
在纳入的 4105 名参与者（基线时年龄为 45-76 岁，女性占 52.5%）中，我们在 46748 人年的风险期内观察到 118 例首次中风和 373 例首次 CHD。队列内的中位生存时间为 13.3 年。未观察到暴露于环境空气污染与 CHD 风险之间存在关联，但观察到了对中风的明显影响。与工业源 PM 相比，交通源 PM 对中风的影响更强：总 PM、交通源特异性 PM 和工业源特异性 PM 的风险比（95%置信区间）分别为 1.16（1.02-1.34）、2.53（1.07-5.97）和 1.27（1.03-1.56）/每增加 1μg/m。PM 成分与总 PM 每 IQR 相比没有显著不同的影响，但 NH 和 SO 每增加 1μg/m 的关联更高。然而，铵和硫酸盐成分的暴露对比非常低。
交通源特异性 PM 对中风风险的影响强于总 PM 和工业源特异性 PM。在成分中，NH 和 SO 显示出更高的影响。未观察到 PM 和 CHD 的影响。
