University of Helsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Research on Addiction, Control and Governance (CEACG), 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
University of Helsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Research on Addiction, Control and Governance (CEACG), 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Public Health. 2020 Jul;184:102-106. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.03.021. Epub 2020 Apr 30.
This article explores the financial interests that are behind gambling revenue and their relative importance. Identifying these interests is crucial to further analysis on how they may impact gambling policy and public health interventions.
The analysis focuses on the spending structures of ten European gambling operators derived from their income statements to identify where money from gambling is further directed and who are the main financial stakeholders (SHs).
Gambling companies' income statements were categorised based on four types of SHs: states, earmarked contributions, operators, and cost-dependants. The sums directed to these groups are compared with company gross gambling revenue (GGR).
Overall, the main financial SHs behind gambling appear to be states and earmarked beneficiaries. State budgets and earmarked contributions account for an average of 50 percent of the GGR of gambling companies, whereas about one-third is directed to cost-dependants. The most significant cost-dependant groups that can be identified are the distribution network and providers of materials. Results also show variance between companies depending on institutional contexts.
The importance of states and earmarked causes as significant beneficiaries of European gambling companies is confirmed by the analysis. The results also show that cost-dependants are an important financial SH in gambling. The implications on public health of a wide network of SHs in gambling revenue are discussed.
本文探讨了赌博收入背后的财务利益及其相对重要性。确定这些利益对于进一步分析它们如何影响赌博政策和公共卫生干预措施至关重要。
该分析侧重于从十家欧洲博彩运营商的收益表中得出的支出结构，以确定赌博资金的去向以及主要财务利益相关者（SH）是谁。
根据四种 SH 类型（国家、专款专用、运营商和成本依赖者）对博彩公司的收益表进行分类。将这些群体的支出与公司的总博彩收入（GGR）进行比较。
总体而言，赌博背后的主要财务 SH 似乎是国家和专款专用受益者。国家预算和专款专用捐款占博彩公司 GGR 的平均 50%，而约三分之一的资金流向成本依赖者。可以确定的最大的成本依赖者群体是分销网络和材料供应商。结果还显示，不同公司之间存在机构背景差异。
分析证实了国家和专款专用受益者作为欧洲博彩公司重要受益人的重要性。结果还表明，成本依赖者是赌博中一个重要的财务 SH。讨论了广泛的 SH 网络在赌博收入方面对公共卫生的影响。
