Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Uyo/University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria 520271.
Department of Paediatrics, University of Uyo/University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria 520271.
J Trop Pediatr. 2021 Jul 2;67(3). doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa030.
Maternal and infant HIV status influences the decision of BCG immunization of infants at birth. The objective of this study was to determine the HIV status of HIV-exposed infants (HEIs) by the first HIV DNA PCR test and the rate of BCG uptake among the HEIs who were confirmed HIV negative.
This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study involving the review of results of 99 dried blood samples (DBS) for the first HIV DNA PCR test of HEIs whose mothers were diagnosed HIV positive on presentation of the infants at first immunization visit at a Primary Health Centre from January 2018 to January 2019.
Of the 99 DBS examined, 86; 86.9% (95% CI 80.1-93.6) were HIV negative, 9; 9.1% (95% CI 3.3-14.8) were positive while the results of 4 (4.0%) infants were not in the register. Only 7; 7.1% (95% CI 1.9-12.2) of the 99 HEIs returned for BCG immunization at the centre. BCG immunization status of the HEIs after first PCR results was not significantly associated with sex of the infants or availability of phone number of the guardians (p = 0.70 and 0.12, respectively).
The majority of HEIs were HIV negative at first HIV DNA PCR test. Few of these HIV negative infants returned for BCG immunization. Hence, all HEIs should be given BCG immunization according to WHO GAVCS committee recommendation on BCG immunization for settings with poor HIV diagnostic and treatment facilities for mothers and infants.
母婴 HIV 状况会影响婴儿出生时的 BCG 免疫接种决策。本研究的目的是通过首次 HIV DNA PCR 检测确定 HIV 暴露婴儿（HEI）的 HIV 状况，并确定在首次免疫接种时被确认为 HIV 阴性的 HEI 中 BCG 接种率。
这是一项回顾性描述性横断面研究，涉及对 2018 年 1 月至 2019 年 1 月期间在初级保健中心首次免疫接种时母亲被诊断为 HIV 阳性的 99 例 HEI 的 99 份干血斑（DBS）首次 HIV DNA PCR 检测结果进行回顾性分析。
在所检查的 99 份 DBS 中，86 份；86.9%（95%CI80.1-93.6）为 HIV 阴性，9 份；9.1%（95%CI3.3-14.8）为阳性，而 4 份（4.0%）婴儿的结果未在登记册中。在 99 例 HEI 中，仅有 7 例；7.1%（95%CI1.9-12.2）返回中心进行 BCG 免疫接种。首次 PCR 结果后 HEI 的 BCG 免疫接种状况与婴儿的性别或监护人的电话号码可用性无显著相关性（p=0.70 和 0.12）。
大多数 HEI 在首次 HIV DNA PCR 检测时 HIV 呈阴性。这些 HIV 阴性婴儿中，只有少数人返回进行 BCG 免疫接种。因此，根据世界卫生组织 GAVCS 委员会关于在母婴 HIV 诊断和治疗设施较差的情况下进行 BCG 免疫接种的建议，所有 HEI 都应进行 BCG 免疫接种。
