Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2020 Sep;104(5):1444-1453. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13404. Epub 2020 Jun 26.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the effective microorganisms (EM) on performance parameters, intestinal morphology and gene expression in the jejunal mucosa in pigs under different feeding regimes. The study group comprised of 150 piglets divided into three feeding groups: C, E1 and E2. Feeding groups included: C-standard fodder, blend with a full share of post-extracted soy meal, E1-in the phase I of fattening: pea and lupin/soybean 50/50%; in the phase II of fattening: pea and lupin/soybean 75/25%, and E2-in the phase I of fattening: pea and lupin/soybean 50/50%; in the phase II of fattening: pea and lupin 100%. The experimental factor was addition of a probiotic EM Carbon Bokashi to the diets (C + EM, E1 + EM and E2 + EM). After slaughter, histological evaluation and gene expression analysis were performed. The highest intestinal villi were reported in E2 + EM. A higher intestinal absorption area was demonstrated in groups C + EM and E2 + EM. An interaction between feeding and EM Bokashi supplementation was found in villus surface area crypt depth, villus height/crypt depth and number of goblet cells. Mucosa thickness and number of goblet cells was the largest in E2 + EM. Gene expression of FABP4 increased in E1, and GLUT2 decreased in E2. Gene expression of IL10 and FABP4 increased in E2 + EM. The results indicate that the E2 diet is more optimal for EM Bokashi supplementation, because in this group, EM positively influenced the morphological characteristics of the porcine jejunum and caused an increase in the expression of genes related to the metabolism and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
本研究旨在确定有效微生物（EM）对不同饲养方式下猪生产性能参数、肠道形态和空肠黏膜基因表达的影响。研究组由 150 头仔猪组成，分为 3 个饲养组：C、E1 和 E2。饲养组包括：C-标准饲料，添加全份豆粕提取物，E1-育肥期 I 阶段：豌豆和羽扇豆/大豆 50/50%；育肥期 II 阶段：豌豆和羽扇豆/大豆 75/25%，E2-育肥期 I 阶段：豌豆和羽扇豆/大豆 50/50%；育肥期 II 阶段：豌豆和羽扇豆 100%。实验因素是在日粮中添加益生菌 EM 碳 Bokashi（C+EM、E1+EM 和 E2+EM）。屠宰后进行组织学评估和基因表达分析。E2+EM 组的肠绒毛最高。C+EM 和 E2+EM 组的肠吸收面积较高。在绒毛表面积、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度和杯状细胞数量方面，发现饲养和 EM Bokashi 补充之间存在交互作用。黏膜厚度和杯状细胞数量在 E2+EM 中最大。E1 中 FABP4 基因表达增加，E2 中 GLUT2 减少。E2+EM 中 IL10 和 FABP4 基因表达增加。结果表明，E2 饮食更适合 EM Bokashi 补充，因为在该组中，EM 积极影响猪空肠的形态特征，并导致与胃肠道代谢和功能相关的基因表达增加。
