National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 23 Akadeemia tee, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. 7 Paruyr Sevak, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.
Chemosphere. 2020 Nov;259:127456. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127456. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Secondary microplastics (MP) produced by fragmentation of plastic in the environment or as a result of human activities can easily be taken up by organisms. The harmful effects of MP depend on e.g., the type, dimensions, sorption capacity and concentration of MP. In this study the ingestion of virgin irregularly-shaped polyamide microplastics (PA-MP; up to180 μm) by two different species was evaluated: 3rd - 4th instar larvae of midge Chironomus riparius and adult fish Danio rerio. More specifically, in the case of C. riparius larvae their feeding strategy, i.e. the ability to differentiate between food and non-food material (PA-MP) and the impact of pseudo-satiation by PA-MP on larval growth, development and emergence was evaluated. Two feeding regimes (with and without food supply) and two PA-MP concentrations (100 mg kg and 1000 mg kg) were applied. Fish were exposed to two PA-MP concentrations (30 and 330 mg L) for 48 h followed by 48 h of depuration. The fish were fed during both periods. Both, chironomid larvae and adult zebrafish actively ingested PA-MP. Remarkably more PA-MP was ingested when larvae were not fed during the exposure to PA-MP. In the case of fish, the ingested particles were effectively evacuated from the gastrointestinal tract. Even the highest PA-MP concentrations did not cause obvious harmful effects to either species. The obtained data are informative for risk evaluation of PA-MP as polyamide is registered in the database of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) in the framework of the EU's REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization & Restriction of Chemicals) regulation.
次生微塑料（MP）是由环境中塑料的破碎或人类活动产生的，很容易被生物吸收。MP 的有害影响取决于例如，MP 的类型、尺寸、吸附能力和浓度。在这项研究中，评估了两种不同物种对原始不规则形状聚酰胺微塑料（PA-MP；高达 180μm）的摄取：三至四龄摇蚊幼虫 Chironomus riparius 和成年斑马鱼 Danio rerio。更具体地说，对于 C. riparius 幼虫，评估了它们的摄食策略，即区分食物和非食物材料（PA-MP）的能力，以及 PA-MP 假饱对幼虫生长、发育和出现的影响。应用了两种摄食制度（有和没有食物供应）和两种 PA-MP 浓度（100mgkg 和 1000mgkg）。鱼暴露于两种 PA-MP 浓度（30 和 330mgL）48 小时，然后进行 48 小时的净化。在此期间，鱼都被喂食。摇蚊幼虫和成年斑马鱼都主动摄取了 PA-MP。当幼虫在暴露于 PA-MP 期间不进食时，摄入的 PA-MP 明显更多。在鱼类中，摄入的颗粒被有效地从胃肠道中排出。即使是最高的 PA-MP 浓度也没有对这两种物种造成明显的有害影响。获得的数据对 PA-MP 的风险评估具有信息性，因为聚酰胺在欧盟的 REACH（化学品注册、评估、授权和限制）法规框架下已在欧洲化学品管理局（ECHA）的数据库中注册。
