Aristizábal-Marulanda Valentina, Solarte-Toro Juan Camilo, Cardona Alzate Carlos Ariel
Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Zip Code: 170003, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.
Facultad de Tecnologías, Escuela de Tecnología Química, Grupo Desarrollo de Procesos Químicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 May;28(19):24590-24604. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09804-y. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
Energy-driven biorefineries can be designed considering biotechnological and thermochemical conversion pathways. Nevertheless, energy and environmental comparisons are necessary to establish the best way to upgrade lignocellulosic biomass and set the requirements of these processes in different scenarios. This paper aims to evaluate experimentally a biorefinery producing energy vectors using coffee-cut stems (CCS) as feedstock. The obtained yields were the basis for energy and environmental analysis, in two different biorefinery scenarios: (i) production of bioethanol and biogas and (ii) production of syngas and electricity. The energy results indicated that the overall energy efficiency calculated in the first scenario was only 9.15%. Meanwhile, the second biorefinery configuration based on thermochemical routes presented an energy efficiency value of 70.89%. This difference was attributed to the higher consumption of utilities in the biorefinery based on biotechnological routes. The environmental results showed that the impact category of climate change for the first biorefinery (i.e., 0.0193 kg CO eq./MJ) had a lower value than that of the second process (i.e., 0.2377 kg CO eq./MJ). Thus, the biorefinery based on the biotechnological route presented a better environmental performance. Additionally, the results for both biorefineries allowed concluding that the inclusion of by-products and co-products in the calculation of the environmental analysis can dramatically affect the results.
可以考虑生物技术和热化学转化途径来设计能源驱动型生物精炼厂。然而，有必要进行能源和环境比较，以确定升级木质纤维素生物质的最佳方法，并设定这些工艺在不同情景下的要求。本文旨在通过实验评估一个以咖啡茎干（CCS）为原料生产能源载体的生物精炼厂。在两种不同的生物精炼厂情景下，所获得的产量是能源和环境分析的基础：（i）生产生物乙醇和沼气，以及（ii）生产合成气和电力。能源结果表明，第一种情景下计算得出的总能源效率仅为9.15%。同时，基于热化学途径的第二种生物精炼厂配置的能源效率值为70.89%。这种差异归因于基于生物技术途径的生物精炼厂中公用设施的消耗更高。环境结果表明，第一种生物精炼厂的气候变化影响类别（即0.0193千克二氧化碳当量/兆焦）的值低于第二种工艺（即0.2377千克二氧化碳当量/兆焦）。因此，基于生物技术途径的生物精炼厂具有更好的环境性能。此外，两个生物精炼厂的结果都表明，在环境分析计算中纳入副产品和联产品会极大地影响结果。
