College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Oct;27(28):35449-35458. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09682-4. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is one of the most water-scarce regions in China, because of the frequent human activities. Water scarcity and pollution have weakened the service functions of water ecosystems and hindered the regional economic development. As the "lifeline" of the economic development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the water quality of Beiyun River has been widely concerned. River water quality assessment is one of the most important aspects to enhance water resources management plans. Water quality index (WQI), as one of the most frequently used evaluation tools, was used to comprehensively analyze the water quality in the Beiyun River. Between January 2017 and October 2018, we collected samples from 16 typical sampling sites along the main rivers of the watershed, covering four seasons. Seventeen water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia nitrogen (NH-N), total phosphorus (TP), oil, volatile phenol (VP), fluoride, sulfide, surfactant, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As), were used to calculate WQI. The average WQI values of Beiyun River in winter, spring, summer, and autumn were 88.15, 71.70, 78.92, and 90.12, respectively, explaining the water quality was "good" generally. There were significant differences in the spatial distribution of WQI values from Beiyun River, and water quality of upstream and downstream was better than that of midstream. In addition, correlation analysis was applied to explore the correlation between land use types and water quality. Water quality was significant negatively correlated with agriculture land and rural residential land, and a positive relationship between urban land and water quality. Generally, we believe that people's related activities on different land use are major elements impacting the water quality. Water environment improvement ought to increase the wastewater collection rate and sewage treatment capacity in rural areas, especially in the midstream of the Beiyun River. Graphical abstract.
京津冀城市群是中国最缺水的地区之一，这是由于频繁的人类活动造成的。水资源短缺和污染削弱了水生态系统的服务功能，阻碍了区域经济发展。作为京津冀地区经济发展的“生命线”，北运河的水质受到了广泛关注。河流水质评估是增强水资源管理计划的最重要方面之一。水质指数 (WQI) 是最常用的评估工具之一，用于综合分析北运河的水质。2017 年 1 月至 2018 年 10 月，我们在流域主要河道的 16 个典型采样点采集了样本，涵盖四季。我们使用了包括温度、pH 值、电导率、溶解氧 (DO)、化学需氧量 (COD)、生化需氧量 (BOD)、氨氮 (NH-N)、总磷 (TP)、石油、挥发酚 (VP)、氟化物、硫化物、表面活性剂、铅 (Pb)、铜 (Cu)、锌 (Zn) 和砷 (As) 在内的 17 个水质参数来计算 WQI。北运河冬季、春季、夏季和秋季的平均 WQI 值分别为 88.15、71.70、78.92 和 90.12，表明水质总体上“良好”。北运河的 WQI 值空间分布存在显著差异，上游和下游的水质优于中游。此外，我们还应用相关性分析来探讨土地利用类型与水质之间的相关性。水质与农业用地和农村居民点呈显著负相关，与城市用地呈正相关。总的来说，我们认为不同土地利用类型上的人类相关活动是影响水质的主要因素。改善水环境应该提高农村地区的污水收集率和污水处理能力，特别是在北运河的中游地区。
