Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Youth Studies, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2021 Jun;33(6):627-644. doi: 10.1017/S1041610220000952. Epub 2020 Jun 29.
Nursing home residents with dementia are sensitive to detrimental auditory environments. This paper presents the first literature review of empirical research investigating (1) the (perceived) intensity and sources of sounds in nursing homes, and (2) the influence of sounds on health of residents with dementia and staff.
A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Study quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We used a narrative approach to present the results.
We included 35 studies. Nine studies investigated sound intensity and reported high noise intensity with an average of 55-68 dB(A) (during daytime). In four studies about sound sources, human voices and electronic devices were the most dominant sources. Five cross-sectional studies focused on music interventions and reported positives effects on agitated behaviors. Four randomized controlled trials tested noise reduction as part of an intervention. In two studies, high-intensity sounds were associated with decreased nighttime sleep and increased agitation. The third study found an association between music and less agitation compared to other stimuli. The fourth study did not find an effect of noise on agitation. Two studies reported that a noisy environment had negative effects on staff.
The need for appropriate auditory environments that are responsive to residents' cognitive abilities and functioning is not yet recognized widely. Future research needs to place greater emphasis on intervention-based and longitudinal study design.
痴呆症患者对不利的听觉环境较为敏感。本文首次对调查（1）养老院中（感知到的）声音强度和来源，以及（2）声音对痴呆症患者和工作人员健康影响的实证研究进行了文献综述。
在 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus 中进行了系统综述。使用混合方法评估工具评估研究质量。我们采用叙述性方法呈现结果。
共纳入 35 项研究。9 项研究调查了声音强度，报告称白天平均噪声强度为 55-68dB(A)，强度较高。在 4 项关于声源的研究中，人声和电子设备是最主要的声源。5 项横断面研究集中于音乐干预，报告称音乐干预对激越行为有积极影响。4 项随机对照试验将降噪作为干预措施的一部分进行了测试。在两项研究中，高强度声音与夜间睡眠减少和激越增加有关。第三项研究发现与其他刺激相比，音乐与激越减少有关。第四项研究未发现噪音对激越的影响。两项研究报告称嘈杂的环境对工作人员有负面影响。
人们尚未广泛认识到需要建立适当的听觉环境，以响应居民的认知能力和功能。未来的研究需要更加重视基于干预的和纵向研究设计。
