Zhou Guangyu, Gou Mengke, Gan Yiqun, Schwarzer Ralf
Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Department of Education and Psychology, Health Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jun 12;11:1066. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01066. eCollection 2020.
It is widely acknowledged that non-compliance with smartphone security behaviors is widespread and may cause severe harm to people and devices. In addition to device-based security issues, there are psychological factors involved in these behaviors such as self-efficacy, risk awareness, and social support. The present study examines associations of these three factors with smartphone security behaviors and explores possible mechanisms among these variables. In a longitudinal survey with 192 Chinese college students (73.4% women, mean age 24.46 years, SD = 5.15), self-efficacy, risk awareness, and social support were assessed with psychometric scales at two points in time, 2 weeks apart. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed with follow-up smartphone security behaviors as the dependent variable, controlling for baseline values and demographic and IT-related covariates. Main effects of self-efficacy, risk awareness, and social support on smartphone security behaviors were identified. Moreover, a triple interaction among the three predictors emerged in a synergistic way, indicating that their combination yielded more favorable levels of secure smartphone use. The total model accounted for 50% of the behavioral variance, with all covariates included, and the triple interaction among self-efficacy, risk awareness, and social support accounted for 2.3% of variance. Results document that psychological factors are involved in smartphone security behaviors beyond demographic and IT-related covariates. Interventions could be designed to improve smartphone security behaviors not only by developing privacy-enhancing technologies but also by considering psychological factors such as self-efficacy, risk awareness, and social support.
人们普遍认为，不遵守智能手机安全行为的情况很普遍，可能会对人和设备造成严重危害。除了基于设备的安全问题外，这些行为还涉及一些心理因素，如自我效能感、风险意识和社会支持。本研究考察了这三个因素与智能手机安全行为之间的关联，并探讨了这些变量之间可能的作用机制。在一项对192名中国大学生（73.4%为女性，平均年龄24.46岁，标准差=5.15）进行的纵向调查中，在两个时间点（相隔2周）使用心理测量量表对自我效能感、风险意识和社会支持进行了评估。以后续的智能手机安全行为作为因变量进行分层回归分析，同时控制基线值以及人口统计学和与信息技术相关的协变量。确定了自我效能感、风险意识和社会支持对智能手机安全行为的主要影响。此外，这三个预测因素之间以协同的方式出现了三重交互作用，表明它们的组合产生了更有利于安全使用智能手机的水平。在纳入所有协变量的情况下，整个模型解释了50%的行为方差，自我效能感、风险意识和社会支持之间的三重交互作用解释了2.3%的方差。研究结果表明，除了人口统计学和与信息技术相关的协变量外，心理因素也与智能手机安全行为有关。不仅可以通过开发增强隐私的技术，还可以通过考虑自我效能感、风险意识和社会支持等心理因素来设计干预措施，以改善智能手机安全行为。
