Catalyst Research Center, Razi University, Iran.
Waste Manag Res. 2021 Feb;39(2):250-259. doi: 10.1177/0734242X20935174. Epub 2020 Jun 29.
With the production of renewable biofuels, concerns about the end of fossil fuels have been partially eliminated. On the other hand, the utilization of low-cost and waste materials to provide the raw essential substances to manufacture these fuels is of paramount importance. Biodiesel is one of these fuels and the required raw materials for the reaction are oil (triglycerides), alcohol and catalyst. In this work, travertine stone powder (as waste in the manufacture of building materials) was used as a catalyst and waste frying oil as a source of triglyceride for biodiesel production. Using thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analysis, optimum temperature for catalyst calcination was selected at 900°C. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed. Using the design of experiments Response Surface Methodology, the optimum reaction conditions for biodiesel production yield of 97.74% were: reaction temperature 59.52°C (~60°C), time 3.8 h (228 min), catalyst concentration 1.36 wt.% and the methanol to oil molar ratio of 11:6. After reusing four times, the catalyst efficiency was reduced a little, and the biodiesel yield was 89.84%, indicating high strength and stability of the catalyst.
随着可再生生物燃料的生产，人们对化石燃料即将枯竭的担忧已得到部分缓解。另一方面，利用低成本和废料来提供制造这些燃料所需的基本原料至关重要。生物柴油就是其中一种燃料，其反应所需的原材料为油（甘油三酯）、酒精和催化剂。在这项工作中，我们使用了石灰华石粉（建筑材料生产过程中的废料）作为催化剂，以及废弃的食用油作为生物柴油生产的甘油三酯来源。通过热重分析和 X 射线衍射分析，我们选择了 900°C 的最佳催化剂煅烧温度。此外，我们还进行了 X 射线荧光、傅里叶变换红外光谱、BET、透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析。通过实验设计响应面法，我们确定了最佳的生物柴油产率为 97.74%的反应条件为：反应温度 59.52°C（约 60°C），时间 3.8 h（228 min），催化剂浓度 1.36 wt.%，甲醇与油的摩尔比为 11:6。催化剂重复使用四次后，其效率略有降低，生物柴油的产率为 89.84%，表明催化剂具有高强度和高稳定性。
