Long Laura J, Bistricky Steven L, Phillips Colleen A, D'Souza Johann M, Richardson Angela L, Lai Betty S, Short Mary, Gallagher Matthew W
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Department of Clinical, Health, and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2020 Dec;33(6):962-972. doi: 10.1002/jts.22555. Epub 2020 Jun 29.
Natural disasters can lead to mental health problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Higher levels of loss and/or disruption and prior trauma exposure constitute risk factors for mental illness, whereas protective factors, including hope and resilience, support positive functioning. The present cross-sectional study used structural equation modeling to examine the relative influence of resilience and hope on mental health and well-being 1-3 months after Hurricane Harvey made landfall in August 2017, among a sample of 829 adults in the Greater Houston, Texas area. Resilience was more strongly associated with reduced PTSD symptoms, β = -.31, 95% CI [-.42, -.21], than was hope, β = -.17, 95% CI [-;.30, -.04], whereas hope was more strongly associated with components of well-being, βs = .47-.63. Hope was positively associated with posttraumatic growth, β = .30, 95% CI [.19, .41], whereas resilience was negatively associated with posttraumatic growth, β = -.24, 95% CI [-.35, -.12]. These associations remained consistent after considering risk factors, although more variance in trauma-related outcomes was risk factors were included in the model. The present results suggest that considering the influence of both risk and resilience factors provides an enhanced picture of postdisaster mental health.
自然灾害可能导致心理健康问题，如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。更高程度的损失和/或破坏以及先前的创伤暴露构成了精神疾病的风险因素，而包括希望和恢复力在内的保护因素则支持积极的功能状态。本横断面研究采用结构方程模型，对2017年8月飓风哈维登陆后1至3个月，得克萨斯州大休斯顿地区829名成年人样本中，恢复力和希望对心理健康及幸福感的相对影响进行了研究。与希望（β = -.17，95%可信区间[-;.30, -.04]）相比，恢复力与PTSD症状减轻的关联更强（β = -.31，95%可信区间[-.42, -.21]），而希望与幸福感各成分的关联更强（β值 = .47-.63）。希望与创伤后成长呈正相关（β = .30，95%可信区间[.19, .41]），而恢复力与创伤后成长呈负相关（β = -.24，95%可信区间[-.35, -.12]）。在考虑风险因素后，这些关联依然一致，尽管当模型中纳入风险因素时，创伤相关结果的更多变异可归因于风险因素。目前的结果表明，综合考虑风险因素和恢复力因素的影响，能更全面地呈现灾后心理健康状况。
