National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, Moscow 117997, Russia.
Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia.
Cells. 2020 Jun 24;9(6):1535. doi: 10.3390/cells9061535.
Macrophages, important cells of innate immunity, are known for their phagocytic activity, capability for antigen presentation, and flexible phenotypes. Macrophages are found in all tissues and therefore represent an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases of various etiology. Genetic programming of macrophages is an important issue of modern molecular and cellular medicine. The controllable activation of macrophages towards desirable phenotypes in vivo and in vitro will provide effective treatments for a number of inflammatory and proliferative diseases. This review is focused on the methods for specific alteration of gene expression in macrophages, including the controllable promotion of the desired M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes in certain pathologies or model systems. Here we review the strategies of target selection, the methods of vector delivery, and the gene editing approaches used for modification of macrophages.
巨噬细胞是先天免疫系统的重要细胞，以其吞噬活性、抗原呈递能力和灵活的表型而闻名。巨噬细胞存在于所有组织中，因此是治疗各种病因疾病的有吸引力的治疗靶点。巨噬细胞的遗传编程是现代分子和细胞医学的一个重要问题。在体内和体外可控地激活巨噬细胞向所需表型的方向发展，将为许多炎症和增殖性疾病提供有效的治疗方法。本综述重点介绍了在巨噬细胞中特异性改变基因表达的方法，包括在某些病理或模型系统中可控地促进所需的 M1（促炎）或 M2（抗炎）表型的方法。在这里，我们回顾了靶标选择策略、载体传递方法和用于修饰巨噬细胞的基因编辑方法。
