Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 353 East 68th Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 353 East 68th Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2020 Aug;47(3):293-303. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2020.04.002. Epub 2020 Jun 10.
In the preceding two decades, several milestones have been reached in the management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), including the development of novel targeted agents paralleling an increased understanding of the molecular biology of this disease process. Recently, a renewed enthusiasm for immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint blockade has resulted in significant strides in the treatment of mRCC. Despite these advances, treatment remains challenging for clinicians, and only modest survival benefits are observed with current treatment paradigms. The risk-stratification tools and investigated predictive and prognostic biomarkers in patients with mRCC are detailed in this review.
在过去的二十年中，转移性肾细胞癌（mRCC）患者的管理取得了多项里程碑式的进展，包括新型靶向药物的开发，这与对该疾病过程的分子生物学的深入理解并行不悖。最近，免疫检查点阻断免疫疗法的重新兴起，使得 mRCC 的治疗取得了重大进展。尽管取得了这些进展，但治疗对临床医生来说仍然具有挑战性，而且当前的治疗模式仅观察到适度的生存获益。本文详细介绍了 mRCC 患者的风险分层工具以及经过研究的预测和预后生物标志物。
