Research Institute of Life and Health Sciences, Higher School of Medicine, Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan.
Central Asian Institute for Medical Research, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2024 Sep 1;25(9):3239-3249. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.9.3239.
The aim is to analyze the incidence of kidney cancer over a 15-year period, considering factors such as stage, age, sex, and morphological verification in the regional context in Kazakhstan.
The retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific incidence rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. The data were used to calculate the average percentage change (APС) using the Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the trend over the study period.
Among the meticulously documented 15,277 cases, a conspicuous male predominance was noted, comprising 53.7% of cases compared to 46.3% in females, with peak incidences observed within the 50-69 age cohorts. The average age at diagnosis exhibited a progressive rise over the study period, with discernible variations observed in age-specific incidence rates, particularly pronounced within the 60-84 age brackets. Noteworthy temporal trends indicated a consistent uptick in crude incidence rates, with distinct regional disparities manifesting higher rates in northern regions relative to their southern and western counterparts. Stratification by cancer stage unveiled a significant surge in stages I-II cases alongside a concomitant decrement in stage III incidences, complemented by reductions in stage IV occurrences and instances of unspecified disease stages. Morphological verification rates displayed regional variations, with an overarching ascending trajectory across most regions, albeit exceptions noted, notably in the Kyzylorda region.
Our study identified a rise in kidney cancer incidence in Kazakhstan, likely reflecting global trends driven by increased risk factor exposure and incidental imaging findings. Regional disparities and varied stage distributions highlight the complexity of kidney cancer epidemiology. Despite advancements in early detection, delayed diagnosis persists, necessitating improved surveillance and diagnostic practices.
分析哈萨克斯坦地区 15 年来肾脏肿瘤的发病情况，考虑分期、年龄、性别和形态学验证等因素。
本研究采用描述性和分析性肿瘤流行病学方法进行回顾性研究。根据卫生统计学中普遍使用的方法，确定广泛的、粗的和年龄特异性发病率。使用这些数据，通过 Joinpoint 回归分析计算平均百分比变化（APС），以确定研究期间的趋势。
在精心记录的 15277 例病例中，男性明显居多，占 53.7%，女性占 46.3%，发病高峰出现在 50-69 岁年龄组。诊断时的平均年龄在研究期间呈上升趋势，年龄特异性发病率存在明显差异，60-84 岁年龄组尤为明显。值得注意的时间趋势表明，粗发病率持续上升，且存在明显的区域差异，北部地区的发病率明显高于南部和西部地区。按癌症分期分层，I-II 期病例显著增加，同时 III 期病例减少，IV 期病例减少，未指明疾病分期的病例减少。形态学验证率存在区域差异，大多数地区呈上升趋势，但也有例外，尤其是克孜勒奥尔达州。
本研究发现哈萨克斯坦肾脏肿瘤发病率上升，可能反映了全球因危险因素暴露和偶然影像学发现而导致的发病率上升趋势。区域差异和不同的分期分布突出了肾脏肿瘤流行病学的复杂性。尽管早期检测有所进展，但仍存在延迟诊断的情况，因此需要改进监测和诊断实践。
