Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 North University Boulevard, Room 0663, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/CarrieDNorrisMD.
Department of Radiology, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2020 Aug;30(3):261-282. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2020.04.001. Epub 2020 Jun 11.
Diffusion imaging is a functional MR imaging tool that creates tissue contrast representative of the random, microscopic translational motion of water molecules within human body tissues. Long considered a cornerstone MR imaging sequence for brain imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) increasingly is used for head and neck imaging. This review reports the current state of diffusion techniques for head and neck imaging, including conventional DWI, DWI trace with apparent diffusion coefficient map, diffusion tensor imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, and diffusion kurtosis imaging. This article describes background physics, reports supportive evidence and potential pitfalls, highlights technical advances, and details practical clinical applications.
扩散成像是一种功能磁共振成像工具，它创建的组织对比代表水分子在人体组织内的随机、微观的平移运动。扩散加权成像（DWI）长期以来被认为是脑成像的磁共振成像序列的基石，越来越多地用于头颈部成像。本综述报告了用于头颈部成像的扩散技术的现状，包括常规 DWI、带有表观扩散系数图的 DWI 轨迹、扩散张量成像、体素内不相干运动和扩散峰度成像。本文描述了背景物理学，报告了支持证据和潜在的陷阱，强调了技术进步，并详细介绍了实际的临床应用。
