Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
BMJ Open. 2020 Jun 29;10(6):e034567. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034567.
As the global population ages, palliative care is ever more essential to provide care for patients with incurable chronic conditions. However, in many countries, doctors are not prepared to care for dying patients. Palliative care education should be an urgent concern for all medical schools all around the world, including Latin America and Brazil. Advances in palliative care education require robust assessment tools for constant evaluation and improvement of educational programmes. Bandura's social cognitive theory proposes that active learning processes are mediated by self-efficacy and associated outcome expectancies, both crucial elements of developing new behaviour. The Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care (SEPC) and Thanatophobia Scales were developed using Bandura's theory to assess the outcomes of palliative care training.
We aimed to translate and validate these scales for Brazilian Portuguese to generate data on how well doctors are being prepared to meet the needs of their patients.
Cross-sectional study.
One Brazilian medical school.
Third-year medical students.
The authors translated the scales following the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer's recommendations and examined their psychometric properties using data collected from a sample of 111 students in a Brazilian medical school in 2017.
The Brazilian versions of SEPC and Thanatophobia Scales showed good psychometric properties, including confirmatory factor analysis, replicating the original factors (factor range: 0.51-0.90), and acceptable values of reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.82-0.97 and composite reliability: 0.82-0.96). Additionally, the Brazilian versions of the scales showed concurrent validity, demonstrated through a significant negative correlation.
The Brazilian version of the scales may be used to assess the impact of current undergraduate training and identify areas for improvement within palliative care educational programmes. The data generated allow Brazilian researchers to join international conversations on this topic and educators to develop tailored pedagogical approaches.
随着全球人口老龄化，姑息治疗对于为患有不可治愈的慢性疾病的患者提供护理变得至关重要。然而，在许多国家，医生没有准备好照顾临终患者。姑息治疗教育应该成为全世界所有医学院的当务之急，包括拉丁美洲和巴西。姑息治疗教育的进步需要强大的评估工具，以不断评估和改进教育计划。班杜拉的社会认知理论提出，主动学习过程受到自我效能感和相关结果预期的影响，这是发展新行为的两个关键因素。姑息护理自我效能感（SEPC）和死亡恐惧量表是根据班杜拉的理论开发的，用于评估姑息治疗培训的结果。
我们旨在将这些量表翻译成巴西葡萄牙语并对其进行验证，以生成有关医生在满足患者需求方面准备情况的数据。
横断面研究。
巴西的一所医学院。
三年级医学生。
作者按照欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织的建议对量表进行了翻译，并使用 2017 年在巴西一所医学院的 111 名学生的样本数据检验了其心理测量特性。
SEPC 和死亡恐惧量表的巴西版本表现出良好的心理测量特性，包括验证性因子分析，复制了原始因素（因素范围：0.51-0.90），以及可接受的可靠性值（Cronbach 的α：0.82-0.97 和综合可靠性：0.82-0.96）。此外，量表的巴西版本具有同时效度，通过显著的负相关得到证明。
量表的巴西版本可用于评估当前本科培训的影响，并确定姑息治疗教育计划中的改进领域。生成的数据使巴西研究人员能够加入关于这一主题的国际对话，并使教育工作者能够制定针对性的教学方法。
