Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2021 Nov 1;11(11):a040311. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040311.
There are currently effective Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies for alcohol, nicotine, and opioid use disorders. This article will review the development of eight compounds used in the treatment of drug addiction with an emphasis on pharmacological mechanisms and the utility of preclinical animal models of addiction in therapeutic development. In contrast to these successes, animal research has identified a number of promising medications for the treatment of psychostimulant use disorder, none of which have proven to be clinically effective. A specific example of an apparently promising pharmacotherapeutic for cocaine that failed clinically will be examined to determine whether this truly represents a challenge to the predictive validity of current models of cocaine addiction. In addition, the development of promising cocaine use disorder therapeutics derived from animal research will be reviewed, with some discussion regarding how preclinical studies might be modified to better inform clinical outcomes.
目前有针对酒精、尼古丁和阿片类药物使用障碍的有效食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 批准的治疗方法。本文将回顾用于治疗药物成瘾的八种化合物的发展，重点介绍药理学机制以及成瘾的临床前动物模型在治疗开发中的应用。与这些成功相比，动物研究已经确定了一些有希望的药物来治疗精神兴奋剂使用障碍，但没有一种被证明在临床上有效。将检查一个可卡因治疗的明显有前途的药理学的具体例子，以确定这是否真的对当前可卡因成瘾模型的预测有效性构成挑战。此外，还将回顾从动物研究中开发出的有前途的可卡因使用障碍治疗方法，并就如何修改临床前研究以更好地告知临床结果进行一些讨论。
