Garrido-Miguel Miriam, Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente, Herráiz-Adillo Ángel, Martínez-Hortelano Jose Alberto, Soriano-Cano Alba, Díez-Fernández Ana, Solera-Martínez Montserrat, Sánchez-López Mairena
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing, Albacete, Spain.
Eur J Public Health. 2020 Oct 1;30(5):1019-1025. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa092.
The objective of this study was to analyse the secular trends in body composition variables and weight status among Spanish schoolchildren from 1992 to 2017, and to examine the persistence in the same weight status category from 2013 to 2017 of the birth cohort in 2007-08.
The data for the prevalence/trend analysis were taken from cross-sectional analyses conducted in 1992 (n = 308), 1996 (n = 307), 1998 (n = 275), 2004 (n = 1119), 2010 (n = 912), 2013 (n = 352) and 2017 (n = 275) using similar procedure methods among schoolchildren (aged 4-6 y and 8-11 years) from 22 public schools in the province of Cuenca, Spain. The data for the longitudinal analysis were obtained from cross-sectional analyses of measurements gathered in 2013 and 2017 in the same cohort of children (n = 275) born in 2007 and 2008. Weight, height, body fat percentage (by electronic bioimpedance) and waist circumference were measured by trained personnel. Weight status was defined according to the BMI cut-offs proposed by the International obesity task force (IOTF) criteria.
In schoolchildren, the overall prevalence of thinness increased from 5.9% in 1992 to 14.5% in 2017, P < 0.001. Whereas, the overall prevalence of obesity/overweight remained relatively steady between the same time period (from 25.2% to 26.9%), P = 0.599. In relation to the longitudinal analyses, we observed that 70.9% of schoolchildren in 2017 remained in the same weight status category as in 2013.
The child obesity epidemic in Spain has remained relatively stable over the last two decades. However, the prevalence of thinness shows a worrying upward trend.
本研究的目的是分析1992年至2017年西班牙学童身体成分变量和体重状况的长期趋势，并研究2007 - 2008年出生队列在2013年至2017年期间体重状况类别是否持续不变。
患病率/趋势分析的数据来自于对西班牙昆卡省22所公立学校的学童（4 - 6岁和8 - 11岁）在1992年（n = 308）、1996年（n = 307）、1998年（n = 275）、2004年（n = 1119）、2010年（n = 912）、2013年（n = 352）和2017年（n = 275）进行的横断面分析，采用类似的程序方法。纵向分析的数据来自于对2007年和2008年出生的同一队列儿童（n = 275）在2013年和2017年收集的测量数据进行的横断面分析。体重、身高、体脂百分比（通过电子生物阻抗法）和腰围由经过培训的人员测量。体重状况根据国际肥胖特别工作组（IOTF）标准提出的BMI临界值来定义。
在学童中，消瘦的总体患病率从1992年的5.9%上升至2017年的14.5%，P < 0.001。而在同一时期，肥胖/超重的总体患病率相对稳定（从25.2%至26.9%），P = 0.599。关于纵向分析，我们观察到2017年70.9%的学童体重状况类别与2013年相同。
在过去二十年中，西班牙儿童肥胖流行情况保持相对稳定。然而，消瘦的患病率呈现令人担忧的上升趋势。
