Amano M, Umeda G, Nakajima H, Yatsuki K
Kenwa Research Institute for Occupational Health.
Sangyo Igaku. 1988 Jan;30(1):3-12. doi: 10.1539/joh1959.30.3.
The characteristic work actions of female shoe manufacturing assembly line workers were analyzed by the records of 8-mm cine-films. The relationship between cervicobrachial disorders and work actions was investigated as a cross-sectional factor control study by using sex-age matched pairs for non-assembly line workers (102 pairs). The following conclusions were obtained: 1) The assembly line workers handled about 3,400 sneaker shoes per day on the assembly line. A completed shoe weighed 200-500 g. The metal last weighted 400-1,200 g. As the lines were not completely mechanized, the workers passed shoes to the next worker by hand. 2) In the line selected for the study of work actions, 28 female workers and one male worker were engaged. The work direction of the line was one-way (from left to right or vice versa). The actions of the workers were classified into four fundamental actions: i) grasping the shoe or tool, ii) extending or iii) bending of the arms, and iv) keeping the arms in a certain position. These fundamental actions were repeated more than 3,400 times per day by each worker. The time spent in holding a shoe in the left hand was longer than that of the right hand in holding a shoe or tool. 3) Results of medical examinations showed a higher prevalence in assembly line workers than that in non-assembly line workers. Especially the prevalence rate of tapping test, pain sensibility test, vibratory sensibility test, Morley's test, tenosynovitis in the fingers, tenderness at spinal muscle around the thoracic vertebrae, levator muscle of scapula, trapezius muscle, rhomboid muscle, infraspinatus muscle, greater pectoral muscle, anterior scalene muscle, thenar eminence, biceps muscle of arm, brachioradial muscle, and antebrachial flexor muscle were found to be different significantly by McNemar's test between the two groups. These disorders were appeared in the left shoulder, arm and hand. 4) As the non-assembly line workers were not engaged in compulsory work or in one-way work direction, they injured the right side (skillful side). On the contrary, it is considered that compulsory transfer of shoes and one-way work direction imposes a heavier load on the left side of the body in assembly line workers, and consequently they injured the left side more severely. 5) It is concluded that the sustained task of handing over shoes to the next worker or one-way work direction caused cervicobrachial disorders of assembly line workers, especially on the left side of the body.
通过8毫米电影胶片记录分析了女鞋制造装配线工人的典型工作动作。以非装配线工人（102对）的性别 - 年龄匹配对作为横断面因素对照研究，调查了颈臂疾病与工作动作之间的关系。得出以下结论：1）装配线工人每天在装配线上处理约3400双运动鞋。一双成品鞋重200 - 500克。金属鞋楦重400 - 1200克。由于生产线未完全机械化，工人需手工将鞋子传递给下一个工人。2）在选定用于工作动作研究的生产线上，有28名女工和1名男工。生产线的工作方向是单向的（从左到右或反之）。工人的动作分为四个基本动作：i）抓取鞋子或工具，ii）伸展或iii）弯曲手臂，以及iv）将手臂保持在特定位置。每个工人每天重复这些基本动作超过3400次。左手持鞋的时间比右手持鞋或工具的时间长。3）体检结果显示装配线工人的患病率高于非装配线工人。特别是通过McNemar检验发现，两组在叩诊试验、疼痛敏感性试验、振动敏感性试验、莫利试验、手指腱鞘炎、胸椎周围脊肌压痛、肩胛提肌、斜方肌、菱形肌、冈下肌、胸大肌、前斜角肌、鱼际、肱二头肌、肱桡肌和前臂屈肌的患病率上有显著差异。这些疾病出现在左肩、手臂和手部。4）由于非装配线工人不从事强制工作或单向工作，他们右侧（熟练侧）受伤。相反，认为在装配线工人中，鞋子的强制传递和单向工作方向给身体左侧带来了更重的负担，因此他们左侧受伤更严重。5）得出结论，持续将鞋子传递给下一个工人的任务或单向工作方向导致了装配线工人的颈臂疾病，尤其是身体左侧。
