TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
Infant Behav Dev. 2020 Aug;60:101459. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101459. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between infants' contingency preference and detection in the first year of life and toddlers' mirror and video self-recognition in the second and third year of life in a longitudinal study (N = 113). Six- and 9-month-olds' preference for a noncontingent over a perfect contingent view (contingency preference) and their differentiation between the two views - indicated by longer looking times to either view - (contingency detection) were assessed in two contingency tasks. A mirror-face-recognition task and a mirror-leg-recognition task were conducted at 18 months. A video-face-recognition task and a mirror-leg-recognition task were conducted at 26 months. Results revealed no predictive relationships between infants' contingency preference and detection in the first year of life and their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror or on a video monitor in the second and third year of life. This finding supports the notion that self-recognition emerges independently from the experience of contingencies (Bischof-Köhler, 1991, 2012). Thus, a representation of the self seems to rely on more than a specific developmental pathway leading from contingency preference and detection to self-recognition.
本研究旨在评估婴儿在生命第一年的情境偏好与觉察与幼儿在第二年和第三年的镜子和视频自我识别之间的关系。（N=113）在一项纵向研究中，评估了 6 个月和 9 个月大的婴儿对非条件性的偏好，而非完美的条件性（情境偏好），以及他们对两种视图的区分——通过对任何一种视图的更长时间的观察来表示（情境检测）。在 18 个月时进行了镜子面部识别任务和镜子腿部识别任务。在 26 个月时进行了视频面部识别任务和镜子腿部识别任务。结果显示，婴儿在生命第一年的情境偏好和觉察与他们在第二年和第三年在镜子或视频监视器上识别自己的能力之间没有预测关系。这一发现支持了这样一种观点，即自我识别独立于对情境的体验而出现（Bischof-Köhler，1991，2012）。因此，自我的代表似乎不仅仅依赖于从情境偏好和觉察到自我识别的特定发展途径。
