Department of Otolaryngology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Korea.
Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 26;17(12):4604. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124604.
Particulate matter (PM), a primary component of air pollution, is a suspected risk factor for the development of otitis media (OM). However, the results of studies on the potential correlation between an increase in the concentration of PM and risk of developing OM are inconsistent. To better characterize this potential association, a meta-analysis of studies indexed in three global databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library) was conducted. These databases were systematically screened for observational studies of PM concentration and the development of OM from the time of their inception to 31 March 2020. Following these searches, 12 articles were analyzed using pooled odds ratios generated from random-effects models to test for an association between an increased concentration of PM and the risk of developing OM. The data were analyzed separately according to the size of particulate matter as PM and PM. The pooled odds ratios for each 10 μg/m increase in PM and PM concentration were 1.032 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.005-1.060) and 1.010 (95% CI, 1.008-1.012), respectively. Specifically, the pooled odds ratios were significant within the short-term studies (PM measured within 1 week of the development of OM), as 1.024 (95% CI, 1.008-1.040) for PM concentration and 1.010 (95% CI, 1.008-1.012) for PM concentration. They were significant for children under 2 years of age with pooled odds ratios of 1.426 (95% CI, 1.278-1.519) for an increase in the concentration of PM. The incidence of OM was not correlated with the concentration of PM, but was correlated with an increase in the concentration of PM. In conclusion, an increase in the concentration of PM is more closely associated with the development of OM compared with an increase in the concentration of PM; this influence is more substantial in shorter-term studies and for younger children.
颗粒物(PM)是空气污染的主要成分之一,被认为是中耳炎(OM)发展的一个危险因素。然而,关于 PM 浓度增加与 OM 发病风险之间潜在相关性的研究结果并不一致。为了更好地描述这种潜在的关联,对三个全球数据库(PubMed、EMBASE 和 The Cochrane Library)中索引的研究进行了荟萃分析。从研究开始到 2020 年 3 月 31 日,这些数据库系统地对 PM 浓度与 OM 发展之间的观察性研究进行了筛选。经过这些搜索,使用来自随机效应模型的汇总优势比分析了 12 篇文章,以检验 PM 浓度增加与 OM 发病风险之间的关联。根据颗粒物大小(PM 和 PM)分别对数据进行了分析。PM 和 PM 浓度每增加 10μg/m 时的汇总优势比分别为 1.032(95%置信区间(CI),1.005-1.060)和 1.010(95% CI,1.008-1.012)。具体而言,在短期研究中(在 OM 发病后 1 周内测量 PM),汇总优势比具有统计学意义,PM 浓度为 1.024(95% CI,1.008-1.040),PM 浓度为 1.010(95% CI,1.008-1.012)。对于年龄在 2 岁以下的儿童,汇总优势比为 1.426(95% CI,1.278-1.519),表明 PM 浓度增加与 OM 发病相关。OM 的发生率与 PM 浓度无关,但与 PM 浓度增加有关。总之,与 PM 浓度增加相比,PM 浓度的增加与 OM 的发生更密切相关;这种影响在短期研究中和年龄较小的儿童中更为显著。