Department of Science and Education, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital), Hefei, Anhui, China.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jun 10;772:145509. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145509. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Smaller sizes of ambient particulate matter (PM) can be more toxic and can be breathed into lower lobes of a lung. Children are particularly vulnerable to PM air pollution because of their adverse effects on both lung functions and lung development. However, it remains unknown whether a smaller PM has a greater short-term impact on childhood pneumonia.
We compared the short-term effects on childhood pneumonia from PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤1 μm (PM), ≤2.5 μm (PM), and ≤10 μm (PM), respectively.
Daily time-series data (2016-2018) on pneumonia hospitalizations in children aged 0-17 years, records of air pollution (PM, PM, PM, and gaseous pollutants), and weather conditions were obtained for Hefei, China. Effects of different PM were quantified using a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model after controlling for day of the week, holiday, seasonality and long-term time trend, and weather variables. Stratified analyses (gender, age, and season) were also performed.
For each 10 μg/m increase in PM, PM, and PM concentrations over the past three days (lag 0-2), the risk of pneumonia hospitalizations increased by 10.28% (95%CI: 5.88%-14.87%), 1.21% (95%CI: 0.34%-2.09%), and 1.10% (95%CI: 0.44%-1.76%), respectively. Additionally, both boys and girls were at risk of PM effects, while PM and PM effects were only seen in boys. Children aged ≤12 months and 1-4 years were affected by PM, but PM and PM were only associated with children aged 1-4 years. Furthermore, PM effects were greater in autumn and winter, while greater PM and PM effects were evident only in autumn.
This study suggests a greater short-term impact on childhood pneumonia from PM in comparison to PM and PM. Given the serious PM pollution in China and other rapid developing countries due to various combustions and emissions, more investigations are needed to determine the impact of different PM on childhood respiratory health.
较小粒径的环境颗粒物 (PM) 可能更具毒性，并且可以被吸入肺部的下叶。儿童特别容易受到 PM 空气污染的影响，因为 PM 对肺功能和肺发育都有不良影响。然而，目前尚不清楚更小的 PM 是否对儿童肺炎有更大的短期影响。
我们比较了分别以空气动力学直径≤1μm（PM）、≤2.5μm（PM）和≤10μm（PM）为粒径的 PM 对儿童肺炎的短期影响。
我们获取了中国合肥市 0-17 岁儿童肺炎住院的每日时间序列数据（2016-2018 年）、空气污染记录（PM、PM、PM 和气态污染物）以及气象条件。在控制了星期几、节假日、季节性和长期时间趋势以及气象变量后，使用拟泊松广义加性模型来量化不同 PM 的影响。还进行了分层分析（性别、年龄和季节）。
在过去三天内（滞后 0-2），PM、PM 和 PM 浓度每增加 10μg/m，肺炎住院风险分别增加 10.28%（95%CI：5.88%-14.87%）、1.21%（95%CI：0.34%-2.09%）和 1.10%（95%CI：0.44%-1.76%）。此外，男孩和女孩都有 PM 影响的风险，而 PM 和 PM 影响仅见于男孩。≤12 个月和 1-4 岁的儿童受到 PM 的影响，但 PM 和 PM 仅与 1-4 岁的儿童有关。此外，PM 影响在秋季和冬季更大，而 PM 和 PM 影响仅在秋季更为明显。
与 PM 和 PM 相比，本研究表明 PM 对儿童肺炎有更大的短期影响。鉴于中国和其他快速发展中国家由于各种燃烧和排放而导致严重的 PM 污染，需要进一步调查以确定不同 PM 对儿童呼吸道健康的影响。
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