细胞外囊泡在神经系统病毒感染中的作用。
Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections of the Nervous System.
机构信息
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
出版信息
Viruses. 2020 Jun 28;12(7):700. doi: 10.3390/v12070700.
Almost all types of cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular space. EVs such as exosomes and microvesicles are membrane-bound vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 1000 nm in diameter. Under normal conditions, EVs mediate cell to cell as well as inter-organ communication via the shuttling of their cargoes which include RNA, DNA and proteins. Under pathological conditions, however, the number, size and content of EVs are found to be altered and have been shown to play crucial roles in disease progression. Emerging studies have demonstrated that EVs are involved in many aspects of viral infection-mediated neurodegenerative diseases. In the current review, we will describe the interactions between EV biogenesis and the release of virus particles while also reviewing the role of EVs in various viral infections, such as HIV-1, HTLV, Zika, CMV, EBV, Hepatitis B and C, JCV, and HSV-1. We will also discuss the potential uses of EVs and their cargoes as biomarkers and therapeutic vehicles for viral infections.
几乎所有类型的细胞都会将细胞外囊泡 (EV) 释放到细胞外空间。EV 如外泌体和微泡是直径在 30 至 1000nm 之间的膜结合囊泡。在正常情况下，EV 通过其携带物（包括 RNA、DNA 和蛋白质）的转运来介导细胞间和器官间的通讯。然而，在病理条件下，EV 的数量、大小和内容物被发现发生改变，并已被证明在疾病进展中发挥关键作用。新兴研究表明，EV 参与了病毒感染介导的神经退行性疾病的多个方面。在本综述中，我们将描述 EV 生物发生与病毒颗粒释放之间的相互作用，同时还将回顾 EV 在各种病毒感染（如 HIV-1、HTLV、寨卡病毒、CMV、EBV、乙型和丙型肝炎、JCV 和 HSV-1）中的作用。我们还将讨论 EV 及其携带物作为病毒感染的生物标志物和治疗载体的潜在用途。
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