Zolezzi Monica, Abdallah Oraib, Sankaralingam Sowndramalingam
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020 Jun 22;13:623-632. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S231075. eCollection 2020.
PURPOSE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment is an important strategy for the prevention of CVD. Pharmacists play an important role in CVD risk assessment and management (CVDRAM). Our previous study identified gaps in knowledge among community pharmacists for the provision of CVDRAM services as assessed through patient simulation. Therefore, our objectives were: a) to develop and evaluate an educational program on CVD risk assessment for community pharmacists, b) to assess the knowledge and skills of participating pharmacists in assessing and managing CVD risk before and after enrolling in the educational program and c) to explore pharmacists' satisfaction and perceived effectiveness of the educational program. METHODS: Using a blended learning instructional approach, the educational program for a subset of 25 community pharmacists recruited from our previous study consisted of two face-to-face workshops, and an online 5-module course on CVD risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking cessation based on principles of adult learning. A repeated measures study design was utilized by measuring participants' knowledge on pre- and post-questionnaires and an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the conclusion of the educational program was also used to assess its impact on the knowledge and skills of community pharmacists in the provision of CVD risk assessment and management (CVDRAM) services. The knowledge questionnaire was completed by 23 pharmacists while the OSCE was completed by 8 pharmacists. In addition, a survey assessed the pharmacists' level of satisfaction with the educational program. RESULTS: At the conclusion of the educational program, the participating pharmacists achieved knowledge and skills for the provision of CVDRAM services. Knowledge scores in relation to CVDRAM significantly improved after the educational program [out of a maximum of 20 points, the median (interquartile range) = 9 (7-9) at pre- vs 12 (12-13) at post-educational program], p<0.001. On the OSCE, the median (interquartile range) scores for Stations 1 and 2 were 66 (63-71) and 71 (67-76), respectively. Out of the 21 pharmacists that completed the satisfaction survey, 71% were very satisfied and 29% were satisfied with the educational program. CONCLUSION: The educational program improved pharmacists' knowledge and skills for the provision of CVDRAM services.
目的：心血管疾病（CVD）风险评估是预防CVD的一项重要策略。药剂师在CVD风险评估与管理（CVDRAM）中发挥着重要作用。我们之前的研究通过患者模拟评估发现，社区药剂师在提供CVDRAM服务方面存在知识差距。因此，我们的目标是：a）为社区药剂师开发并评估一项关于CVD风险评估的教育项目；b）评估参与教育项目的药剂师在参加项目前后评估和管理CVD风险的知识与技能；c）探讨药剂师对该教育项目的满意度及感知效果。 方法：采用混合式学习教学方法，从我们之前的研究中招募了25名社区药剂师参与该教育项目，该项目包括两次面对面研讨会以及一门基于成人学习原则的关于CVD风险因素（如高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖和戒烟）的在线5模块课程。采用重复测量研究设计，通过在问卷前测和后测中测量参与者的知识，并在教育项目结束时使用客观结构化临床考试（OSCE）来评估其对社区药剂师提供CVD风险评估与管理（CVDRAM）服务的知识和技能的影响。23名药剂师完成了知识问卷，8名药剂师完成了OSCE。此外，通过一项调查评估药剂师对该教育项目的满意度。 结果：在教育项目结束时，参与的药剂师具备了提供CVDRAM服务的知识和技能。教育项目后，与CVDRAM相关的知识得分显著提高[满分20分，教育项目前中位数（四分位间距）=9（7 - 9），教育项目后为12（12 - 13）]，p<0.001。在OSCE中，第1站和第2站的中位数（四分位间距）得分分别为66（63 - 71）和71（67 - 76）。在完成满意度调查的21名药剂师中，71%非常满意，29%对该教育项目满意。 结论：该教育项目提高了药剂师提供CVDRAM服务的知识和技能。
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