College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Glendale, AZ.
Yale J Biol Med. 2020 Jun 29;93(2):283-289. eCollection 2020 Jun.
, otherwise known as kratom, is a plant in the coffee family (Rubiaceae) native to Southeast Asia and Thailand whose leaves have been shown to cause opioid-like and stimulant responses upon ingestion. The major pharmacologically active compounds present in kratom, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG), are both indole alkaloids and are responsible for its opioid-like activity. While kratom is most commonly known for its affinity for mu-opioid receptors, research has shown one of its active components has effects on the same receptors to which some antipsychotics bind, such as D dopamine, serotonin (5-HT and 5-HT), and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors displaying possible indications of kratom to be used as both antipsychotics and antidepressants. Although studies to evaluate this effect are still lacking, several online and in-person surveys note relief of depression and anxiety symptoms among those who consume kratom products, and in fact identify it as a common reason for consumption. This then highlights the dire need for further research to be conducted on kratom, its mechanism of action and the constituents that elicit these antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antipsychotic properties.
，也被称为，是一种原产于东南亚和泰国的咖啡科（Rubiaceae）植物，其叶子被证明在摄入后会引起类阿片和兴奋剂反应。存在于中的主要药理活性化合物，，和 7-羟基美沙酮（7-HMG），都是吲哚生物碱，是其类阿片活性的原因。虽然最常被称为其对μ-阿片受体的亲和力，但研究表明其一种活性成分对一些抗精神病药结合的相同受体有影响，如多巴胺 D、血清素（5-HT 和 5-HT）和α-2 肾上腺素能受体，显示出作为抗精神病药和抗抑郁药使用的可能性。尽管评估这种效果的研究仍然缺乏，但一些在线和现场调查注意到那些消费产品的人抑郁和焦虑症状的缓解，实际上将其确定为消费的常见原因。这就凸显了对进一步研究的迫切需要，包括对其作用机制和引起这些抗抑郁、抗焦虑和抗精神病特性的成分进行研究。
