Lydecker Alicia G, Sharma Abhisheak, McCurdy Christopher R, Avery Bonnie A, Babu Kavita M, Boyer Edward W
Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, 104A Faser Hall, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA.
J Med Toxicol. 2016 Dec;12(4):341-349. doi: 10.1007/s13181-016-0588-y. Epub 2016 Oct 17.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a plant native to Southeast Asia, has been used for centuries for its stimulant and opium-like effects. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, exclusive to M. speciosa, are the alkaloids primary responsible for Kratom's biologic and psychoactive profile, and likely contribute to its problematic use. We purchased several commercially available Kratom analogs for analysis and through our results, present evidence of probable adulteration with the highly potent and addictive plant alkaloid, 7-hydroxymitragynine.
A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine in methanol extract of marketed Kratom supplements.
We found multiple commercial Kratom products to have concentrations of 7-hydroxymitragynine that are substantially higher than those found in raw M. speciosa leaves.
We have found multiple packaged commercial Kratom products likely to contain artificially elevated concentrations of 7-hydroxymitragynine, the alkaloid responsible for M. speciosa's concerning mechanistic and side effect profile. This study describes a unique form of product adulteration, which stresses the importance of increased dietary supplement oversight of Kratom-containing supplements.
kratom（帽柱木属）是一种原产于东南亚的植物，几个世纪以来一直因其刺激作用和类似鸦片的效果而被使用。帽柱木碱和7-羟基帽柱木碱是帽柱木属特有的生物碱，是导致kratom产生生物学和精神活性特征的主要生物碱，可能也是其被滥用的原因。我们购买了几种市售的kratom类似物进行分析，并通过我们的结果，提供了可能被高活性和成瘾性植物生物碱7-羟基帽柱木碱掺假的证据。
开发了一种简单灵敏的LC-MS/MS方法，用于同时定量市售kratom补充剂甲醇提取物中的帽柱木碱和7-羟基帽柱木碱。
我们发现多种市售kratom产品中7-羟基帽柱木碱的浓度明显高于未加工的帽柱木叶中的浓度。
我们发现多个包装的市售kratom产品可能含有人为提高浓度的7-羟基帽柱木碱，这种生物碱是导致帽柱木属产生不良作用机制和副作用的原因。本研究描述了一种独特的产品掺假形式，强调了加强对含kratom补充剂膳食补充剂监管的重要性。
